1. Effects of Cosleeping By Joseph J Cleary

2. Social Stigma Actual ad put out by the City of Milwaukee Health Department in 2011

3. Why Cosleep? Colic/infant preference Parental preference Logistics/beds available Lack of knowledge of risks/risk factors Breastfeeding convenience

4. Mothers breastfed longer at each session and breastfed infants until an older age. Increased frequency of feeds with breastfed over bottle fed?!?!? Breastfeeding

5. Awakenings vs Sleep? Cosleep increases awakenings Cosleeping infant slept the same amount of time Cosleeping children returned to sleep faster

6. Marital Satisfaction & Sexual Implications Negative effects for cosleepers as a whole. For those who cosleep for other reasons There was a large correlation to marital and sexual dissatisfaction For those who chose to Cosleep There was no marital or sexual implications

7. SIDS studies Soft Bedding x2 Couch or Chair x2-x6 Smoking x2-x10 Alcohol Consumption (see graphs) Risk factors found in Literature

8. Asphyxiation 51.8% of Asphyxiation deaths within bed 13.7% in crib/bassinette Retrospective Study showed… Control Study showed… 7 out of 10 prolonged episodes resolved by parent 2 out of 10 resolved by infant calling out 1 out of 10 resolved by infant moving

9. Will I get stuck cosleeping? Cosleeping at younger than three years old was not predictive of future cosleeping. Cosleeping at four years of age or older was shown to be a precursor to cosleeping later in childhood.

10. Demographic Variation WhiteBlack Asian/Pacific Islander Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native 15.7%43.1% 23.8% 41.1% 26.0% Always CosleepSometimes Cosleep with Smoker 18.1%19.5% 7.1% 6.2%21.6%

11. Demographic Variation Income 50,000 per year Education 12 years Maternal Age Age 13-19 more likely than age >19

12. Conclusion Do not cosleep if you are a smoker Do not cosleep on a couch or chair Minimize bedding, sleep on firm mattress Never cosleep after drugs or alcohol General recommendations:

13. Conclusion How to refine studies? What populations to study? How to relay results? Command not to vs Educate? Questions:

14. References Ball, H. (2002). Reasons to bed-share: why parents sleep with their infants. Journal Of Reproductive & Infant Psychology, 20(4). Ball, H. (2009). Airway covering during bed-sharing. Child: Care, Health & Development, 35(5). doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.00979.x Flick, L., White, D., Vemulapalli, C., Stulac, B., Kemp, J. (2001). Sleep position and the use of soft bedding during bed sharing among African American infants at increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome. Journal of Pediatrics, 138(3). Jenni, O., Fuhrer, H., Iglowstein, I., Molinari, L., & Largo, R. (2005). A longitudinal study of bed sharing and sleep problems among Swiss children in the first 10 years of life. Pediatrics, 115(1). Lahr, M., Rosenberg, K., & Lapidus, J. (2007). Maternal-infant bedsharing; risk factors for bedsharing in a population-based survey of new mothers and implications for SIDS risk reduction. Maternal & Child Health Journal, 11(3). Mao, A., Burnham, M. M., Goodlin-Jones, B. L., Gaylor, E. E., & Anders, T. F. (2004). A comparison of the sleep-wake patterns of cosleeping and solitary-sleeping infants. Child Psychiatry And Human Development, 35(2). Messmer, R., Miller, L., & Yu, C. (2012). The relationship between parent-infant bed sharing and marital satasfaction for Mothers of infants. Family Relations, 61(5). Phillips, D., Brewer, K., & Wadensweiler, P. (2011). Alcohol as a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Addiction, 106(3). Doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03199.x Ramos, K., & Youngclark, D. (2006). Parenting advice books about Child sleep: cosleeping and crying it out. Sleep, 29(12). Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy. sienaheights.edu:2048/docview/621873219?accountid=28644 Schnitzer, P., Covington, T., & Dykstra, H. (2012). Sudden unexpected infant deaths: sleep environment and circumstances. American Journal of Public Health, 102(6).