1. ESSENTIALS OF COMPUTING I CSCI 104 COMPUTING CONCEPTS

2. OBJECTIVES Distinguish between system and application software. Identify the four types of computers and the four type of microcomputers. Describe computer hardware including the input, output, storage, and communication devices. Explain computer connectivity and the Internet.

3. INTRODUCTION What is a Computer? An electronic device that processes data.

4. SOFTWARE

5. Programs Executable step by step instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task. Two major kinds of software System Software (Operating Systems) Application Software

6. SOFTWARE System Software Linux (& its distributions) Mac OS X Windows 7 Windows 8 What are the different version of Windows? Application Software Productivity Applications – Word, Excel, Access, and PowerPoint Games Other applications – Dreamweaver and Publisher 6

7. SYSTEM SOFTWARE What do they do? Provide User Interface Interface between hardware and software RAM Management Hard Drive Management Process Management Network connections Utilities: Disk cleanup Defrag

8. APPLICATION SOFTWARE “End-user” software Two major categories Basic Application or General purpose Specialized applications Don’t see too often Most programmers work on these. Examples?

9. DATA Raw, unprocessed facts Processing creates information Stored electronically in files Document Files Worksheet Files Presentation Files

10. DOCUMENT FILES Created by word processors to save documents such as memos, term papers, and letters

11. WORKSHEET FILES Created by electronic spreadsheets to analyze things like budgets and to predict sales

12. PRESENTATION FILES Created by presentation graphics programs to save presentation materials. For example, a file might contain audience handouts, speaker notes, and electronic slides.

13. HARDWARE

14. TYPES OF COMPUTERS Clusters Supercomputers Mainframe computers Microcomputers Tablet

15. TYPES OF MICROCOMPUTERS Desktop Notebook or Laptop Tablet PC

16. DESKTOP COMPUTERS Are small enough to fit on top of or alongside a desk yet are too big to carry around

17. NOTEBOOK OR LAPTOP COMPUTERS Notebook computers, also known as laptop computers, are portable, lightweight, and fit into most briefcases Advantages & Disadvantages?

18. PC TABLET Is a type of notebook computer that accepts your handwriting and senses touch. This input is digitized and converted for further processing by programs. Other differences

19. MICROCOMPUTER HARDWARE Four basic categories of equipment: - System Unit - Input/Output - Secondary Storage - Communication

20. INPUT/OUTPUT Common input devices ? Common output devices ?

21. SYSTEM UNIT Two important components- Microprocessor Intel AMD Memory (RAM)

22. MICROPROCESSOR Original chips were numbered 8086, 80286, 80386, 80486 Intel I5, i7, etc.. You could buy chips from multiple vendors Clock speed (MHz or GHz) differentiates chips Dual Core, Quad Core The central processing unit (CPU) 22

23. MEMORY (RAM) RAM – Random Access Memory Stores active programs and data Volatile (erased when power turned off) Consider a UPS (uninterrupted power supply) Measured in Bytes 1 Megabyte = 2 20 characters (~1,000,000 bytes) 1 Gigabyte = 2 30 characters (~1,000,000,000 bytes) Comes with 2GB up to 16GB of RAM Keep multiple programs & data files in memory Graphic-intensive programs demand a lot of memory 23

24. OTHER MEMORY (ROM) ROM – Read Only Memory Permanent memory that controls basic operations of the computer when in use. BOOTS UP the computer

25. SECONDARY STORAGE Unlike memory, secondary storage holds data and programs even if electrical power is not available

26. SECONDARY STORAGE 26 Hard (fixed) disk  1 TB and higher Removable storage  CD-ROM  CD-R/CD-RW  DVD/DVD-R/DVD-RW  Tape (common for backups)  Flash Drives & SD Cards  Outdated  Zip disks  Floppy Disks

27. COMMUNICATION HARDWARE Devices that allow computers to communicate with each other Allows a LAN (local area network) to connect to a WAN (the Internet) Modem/Cable Modem/DSL Modem – allows the computer to communicate over cables used for other transmissions (voice, cable TV, etc).

28. COMMUNICATION HARDWARE Network Card – Ethernet card or wireless Ethernet Cable – cable to connect the computer Ethernet network card to a router or modem. Router – Allows two or more devices to share the internet connection

29. HOW COMPUTERS WORK

30. RAM Hard Drive HOW SYSTEM HARDWARE INTERACTS CPU CD, DVD, Flash Drive Input Output

31. HOW TO PURCHASE A PC

32. PURCHASE OF A PC What to Consider How much can you spend? Desktop or Laptop? What will it be used for? Hardware RAM Hard Drive Size Screen Size Network Card

33. PURCHASE OF A PC Sound Card Video Card Processor Speed Processor Type Mac vs. Windows vs. Chrome

34. ComponentsSpecifications ProcessorIntel Pentium 4; Intel Core Duo 2GHz Intel Centrino; Intel Celeron AMD AMD64; AMD Turion Video Card2 Screen; Gamming Memory2 Gig at least Floppy Disk DriveNot used any more Hard DriveDesktop – 150 GB Laptop – 80 GB CD, DVD, R/RWCD/DVD – Re-Writeable NetworkingWired – Ethernet Card Wireless – 802.11g Warranty? SoftwareOperating System Office Products Free-Ware Anti-Virus MonitorLCD PrinterColor or not If color want high dpi Many colors

35. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS

36. WIRELESS REVOLUTION Connectivity Sharing of information Wireless communication is becoming popular Computer networks WAN LAN

37. THE INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB The Internet Network of networks Began in 1969 as a government project Original network had 4 computers; No central authority and thus impossible to know the exact size The World Wide Web A subset of the Internet consisting of computers that store hypertext documents Invented by Tim Berners Lee who wanted to share notes with colleagues at the European Particle Physics Laboratory (CERN) in Switzerland 37

38. INTERNET Protocols – rules governing communication TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (language of the internet) IP Address – Internet Protocol Address HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol HTTPS –HTTP Secure FTP – File Transfer Protocol

39. HOW DOES IT WORK… Open the browser and type a URL (web address) Translate the URL address into the IP address Send the packet using IP address Receive the webpage

40. http://gargasz.info/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/what-is-dns-diagram1.jpg

41. LET’S TRY IT Open the browser Type in a URL as you usually do… http://amazon.com Open a new tab Type in the IP address instead http://72.21.215.232

42. A WEB SITE 42 Web address (or URL) Internet Explorer is the browser HTTP protocol

43. URL http://users.edinboro.edu:80/zimmer/home.html http – protocol edu – Top Level Domain (TLD)Top Level Domain (TLD) edinboro – second level domain (SLD) Users – third level domain/ subnet 80 – port number (directs it to the program) zimmer/home.html – path to the webpage home.html

44. PORT NUMBER Many programs use the Internet. Port number is similar to a phone extension Port number tells the computer what program should process the Internet message. Standard port numbers FTP – port 21 or 22 E-mail – port 25 Web pages – port 80

45. EVALUATION OF INTERNET SOURCES

46. Accuracy of Web Documents Authority of Web Documents Objectivity of Web Documents Currency of Web Documents Putting it all together

47. EVALUATING WEB PAGES A web source: guides.library.cornell.edu/evaluating_Web_pages An article to read: Evaluating Internet Research Sources A video: Evaluation video

48. FILE MANAGEMENT

49. DISK AND FILE MANAGEMENT A file is a set of instructions or data Program file: Microsoft Word or Excel Data File: Document or workbook Copy, move, rename or delete a file A folder allows us to organize our files May contain files and/or other folders A back up strategy is critical What (data), When (whenever it changes), Where (off site), How (Windows Explorer), and Who (you) 49

50. WINDOWS EXPLORER EXERCISE Run the program Make folders Make sub-folders Good naming

51. ANTIVIRUS SOFTWARE 51 A computer virus is an actively infectious program that can erase data and/or alter the way your computer works Worms and Trojan horses are other types of infectious programs, but all are bad Computer viruses are spread through email, and/or infected floppy disks Windows does not include an antivirus program; i.e., you must buy it separately and update it frequently Should you get antivirus software?

52. FILE COMPRESSION Use WinZip (or compatible) program to create a compressed file or archive 52 Create a self-extracting file from the archive that does not require supporting software

53. QUESTIONS / DISCUSSION

54. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS What is system software? What kinds of programs are included in system software? Define and compare basic and specialized application software. Describe some different types of basic applications. Describe some types of specialized applications.

55. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Describe the different types of computers. What is the most common type? What are the types of microcomputers? What is connectivity? What is a computer network? What is the Internet? What is the Web?