1. Business and Computing Deanery Multimedia Week 15 – Introduction to 3D modelling

2. Multimedia 2 This week Lecture Software for development and distribution of 3D Hardware for 3D rendering Geometric principles of parametric modelling No supported session Organisation Arrange presentations Discuss supported sessions Discuss dates

3. Multimedia 3 Last week Two types of 3D graphics Active 3D worlds Advantages Immersive environment Free movement Disadvantages Rendering Specialist software? Hardware? Passive Movies Advantages Level of detail Disadvantages Restricted view

4. Multimedia 4 Presentation 2 You are to research 2D and 3D multimedia applications again with a common theme. For instance you could investigate the development of a game over time, techniques for displaying items such as mobile phones or films with associated games. At least one application should be recent (within the last two years)

5. Multimedia 5 Your presentation Are you in groups? What are you going to research? Where are you going to start? What are you going to compare and contrast? Remember to refer to the marking criteria

6. Multimedia 6 3d modelling software Ranges from the free to the very expensive Why might it be so expensive? What might you expect your 3d software to do?

7. Multimedia 7 Activity In pairs Find 3 examples of ‘professional’ 3d software http://dir.yahoo.com/Business_and_Economy/Bus iness_to_Business/Computers/Software/Graphics/ 3D/ http://www.google.co.uk/ What is the cost of one licence? Can you to make a video? Can you to make an interactive model? What is the recommended hardware for this software?

8. Multimedia 8 Working in the 3D world Most programs have a common features Viewports Mouse-selected features Use right click for context sensitive menus Type-in commands and parameters

9. Multimedia 9 3ds max v7 (2005)

10. Multimedia 10 Wireframe modelling Wireframe modelling requires less computing power than any form of rendering Default 3 viewports wireframe 1 viewport rendered Will use either OpenGL or DirectX to achieve the rendered view But not proper rendering with lighting and shadows Takes even more processing power

11. Multimedia 11 3ds max v7 (2005)

12. Multimedia 12 Different viewports 3ds max allows lots of different viewport arrangements 3ds max v7 (2005)

13. Multimedia 13 Important – name your objects Why? Default names are OK but what about a big scene?

14. Multimedia 14 Different creation methods More than one way to create an object Click and drag Keyboard entry for precise dimensions Altering the object parameters Objects with a different number of dimensions (parameters) require a difference number of clicks and drags How many for a sphere, box, cone? Create method Edge or centre for a sphere

15. Multimedia 15 Selection Select buttons Select by name Select by region Select by filter Paintbrush selection Multiple selection Isolate selection 3ds max v7 (2005)

16. Multimedia 16 Activity Start up 3ds max Draw a primitive shape Experiment with panning, zooming Change the viewpoints Experiment with ‘right clicking’

17. Multimedia 17 Units and scale English Feet an inches Metric Meters and centimetres Generic Decimal numbers

18. Multimedia 18 Activity Using 3ds max help Help>User reference Find out how to alter the units system Make sure that the software is set to Metres

19. Multimedia 19 3D space Rectangular coordinate system Known as Cartesian coordinates World or global coordinate system Each object can have its own local coordinate system 3ds max v7 (2005)

20. Multimedia 20 Coordinate and axes Coordinates Each point is defined by 3 numbers, coordinates X, Y, Z Width, height and depth Axes Imaginary line in cyberspace Width axis X runs horizontally Height axis Y is vertical Depth axis Z travels front to back Y- Y+ X-X+ Z- Z+ Origin point 0, 0, 0

21. Multimedia 21 What are primitives? Basic building blocks Can be used to start any modelling project First you need to create and move things around Each object has a set or parameters

22. Multimedia 22 Common 3D primitives Can you name them? Cone Sphere GeoSphere Teapot Box Tube Cylinder Taurus 3ds max v7 (2005)

23. Multimedia 23 Activity – Standard primitives Start up 3ds max Draw a rectangular primitive shape Experiment with panning, zooming Change the viewpoints Experiment with ‘right clicking’ Draw a curved primitive shape Alter the number of segments

24. Multimedia 24 Rendering You only ever see 3D objects as a 2D plane Rendering Paints pixels with colour, shadow, lighting effects Onto a monitor – real time A file A still image A video

25. Multimedia 25 Exporting/importing your work File conversion 3D Studio (3DS) Adobe Illustrator (AI) ASC Scene Export (ASE) AutoCAD (DWG) AutoCAD (DXF) Shockwave 3D FiLMBOX (FBX) Initial Graphics Exchange Standard (IGES) Lightscape Material (ATR) Lightscape Blocks (BLK) Lightscape Parameter (DF) Lightscape Layers (LAY) Lightscape View (VW) Lightscape Preparation File (LP) Stereolithography (STL) VRML97 (WRL) Rendering options AVI Files BMP Files CIN (Kodak Cineon) Files CWS (combustion Workspace) Files DDS Files EPS and PS (Encapsulated PostScript) Files FLC Files GIF Files HDR Files IFL Files JPEG Files MOV (QuickTime Movie) Files MPEG Files PIC Files PNG Files PSD Files RLA Files RPF Files RGB (SGI Image) Files TGA (Targa) Files TIFF Files YUV Files 3ds max v7 (2005)

26. Multimedia 26 VRML Virtual Reality Modelling Language VRML is a scene description language Simple ascii text files which can be parsed by a VRML interpreter VRML browsers Cosmo Cortona Flux Can be exported from most 3D modelling software.wrl extension

27. Multimedia 27 VRML Virtual Reality Modelling Language Designed to be the three-dimensional modelling equivalent of HTML World Wide Web conference in Geneva in 1994 VRML 1.0 specification was released in May 1995 VRML 2.0, quickly replaced by VRML97

28. Multimedia 28 Tony Parisi 1999 Where did VRML go wrong? Buggy browsers Big plug-in downloads Interoperability of content “…..that no amount of technology, no matter how good, is relevant without compelling applications that solve real problems. The logic of it seems simple enough—if technology isn’t useful, who’s going to use it? “

29. Multimedia 29 X3D Developed collaboratively by the Web3D Consortium Evolutionary Successor to VRML97 Adds: New features Additional data encoding formats Stricter conformance Componentized architecture

30. Multimedia 30 X3D Evolution of VRML 97 Application of XML VRML was badly implemented by browsers Inconsistent views Componentized But not widely used Currently cannot export from major 3D modelling software.x3d extension

31. Multimedia 31 A cylinder VRML #VRML V2.0 utf8 # A cylinder Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { diffuseColor 1 0 0 } geometry Cylinder { height 2 radius 5 } X3D

32. Multimedia 32 A box VRML #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Box { size 2.0 2.0 2.0 } X3D

33. Multimedia 33 A sphere VRML #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { diffuseColor 1 1 1} } geometry Sphere { radius 0.15 } } X3D

34. Multimedia 34 Embedding in a web page Uses ActiveX <object classid="clsid:06646724-bcf3-11d0-9518- 00c04fc2dd79" width="50%" height="50%"> Warning - with XP service pack you may get a warning about blocked content

35. Multimedia 35 Plug-ins Cortona only VRML Cosmo Player only VRML FLUX VRML and X3D

36. Multimedia 36 Activity 1. VRML Export your model as VRML View the file 2. Render as an image

37. Multimedia 37 Review VRML X3D Parametric modelling 3D space Coordinates and axes 3D primitives Viewing in a webpage Questions?

38. Multimedia 38 Portfolio 2.1 Create a VRML model using 3ds max of a simple room constructed from primitive shapes, consisting of three walls and a floor. Insert a desk constructed of cylinders and boxes. A screen shot of your model rendered in a browser, printed More next week

39. Multimedia 39 It should look something like…

40. Multimedia 40 Question Hope has asked you to make a 3d model of the campus What are your software options? What are the cost implications of the various pieces of software? What type of 3D visualisation could be generated? What are the hardware implications? Discuss critically, comparing and draw a conclusion

41. Multimedia 41 More questions What is the difference between VRML and X3D Which would you choose to use to display a 3D model, why? List the advantages and disadvantages of VRML and X3D Describe the process of primitive modelling

42. Multimedia 42 For Next Week Work on your presentation Start on the 3ds max tutorials Directed reading chapters 1, 2 and 3 Giambruno M, (2002) 3D Graphics & Animation, 2nd Edition

43. Multimedia 43 References Giambruno M, (2002) 3D Graphics & Animation, 2nd Edition, New Riders, ISBN: 0-7357-1243-3 Kerlow I. V., (2003) The Art of 3-D Computer Animation and Effects, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc; ISBN: 0471430366 Screen shots taken from 3ds max 7 User Reference