1. 5/19 1. What are characteristics of birds? 2. What are the different type of birds? 3. What are characteristics of reptiles? 4. How are crocodiles and alligators different? 5. What adaptations do birds have for flight? 6. How is a salamander different then frogs? 7. What is a row of sense organs on a fish called?

2. VertebratesVertebrates

3. Phylum: Phylum: Chordate All Vertebrates are chordates, BUT not all chordates are vertebrates Tunicate Lancelet

4. Chordate Characteristics  Notochord Gives the body structure May be replaced with a backbone  Hollow Nerve cord Spinal cord in humans  Pharyngeal Pouch Found in all embryos May turn into gill slits or other body parts  Tail  Broken into two groups: invertebrates and vertebrates

6. Vertebrate Characteristics  Have a backbone  Have endoskeletons  Bilateral symmetry  Reproduce Sexually  Ex. Fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals

7. Fish  Movement: fins  Remove oxygen from the water with gills  Cold Blooded  Lateral Line system  Reproduction: External, some are internal Lay eggs

8. Three type of fish  Jawless No bones- skeletons are made of cartilage Round, jawless mouths Ex. Hagfish and lamprey  Cartilaginous No bones- skeletons are made of cartilage Jaw No swim bladder Ex. Sharks and rays  Bony fish Skeletons are made of bone Swim bladder for buoyancy Ex. Flounder and trout

10. Amphibians  Means double life  Cold blooded  Thin moist skin  Sexual reproduction most external fertilization Lay eggs in water

11. Metamorphosis –Young  have gills,have a tail  live in water –Adults  have lungs,no tail  Live on land near water

12. Two types  Salamanders and newts Keep tails as adults  Frogs and toads Fogs: smooth moist skin Toads: dry, bumpy skin

13. Reptiles  Cold blooded  Have lungs  Internal Reproduction  Lay eggs on land Hard, leathery shell Amniotic eggs

14. Three types  Alligators and crocodiles Are carnivores Alligators- broad rounded snouts Crocodiles- narrow pointed snouts; teeth are visible when mouth is closed  Turtles Have shells for protection  Lizards and snakes: lizards lay eggs, snakes do not!!

15. Birds  Warm blooded  Internal fertilization Lay eggs on land have amniotic fluid and a hard shell Nurture their young (take care of them)  Only animal with feathers Down feathers- for insulation Contour feathers- stiff, streamlined for flight

16. Flight Adaptations  Feathers  Lightweight body with hollow bones  High metabolism (digest food quickly for energy)  Diet consists of high protein  Air sacs – store oxygen  Strong flight muscles

17. Four different types  Flightless- Unable to fly- short wings Ex.Penguin, ostrich  Water birds Good swimmers- webbed feet Ex. Ducks, geese

18. Types cont.  Birds of prey Talons, curved beak, good eyesight Ex. Hawk, owl, eagle  Perching (Song Birds) Feet are adapted for branches Ex. Cardinal, blue jay

19. Mammals  Warm blooded  Have hair or fur  Have mammary glands –feed their young with milk  Sexual reproduction Internal fertilization Nurture young

20. Types of mammals (classified based on the way they develop)  Monotremes Lay eggs Ex. Duckbill platypus, spiny anteater

21.  Marsupials Give birth to live young that are not well developed Young develop in pouch like structure in the mothers body Ex. Kangaroo, koala, opossum, wallabies, Tasmanian devil

22. Placental mammals  Give birth to live young that can function independently (develop within the mother’s body first) Placenta- where food,oxygen and wastes are exchanged between mother and child

23. Placental mammals cont.  Ex. Humans, bats, lions, seals, bears, manatees, elephants, monkeys, etc.