1. Mongols and World Interaction Europe Europeans initially pleased with Mongol success against Islam Attitudes change when they invade Hungary and south and central Europe. Contact short-lived. Succession struggles forced Mongol withdraw. Satisfied with their rich conquests in Asia and Middle East, they do not return

2. Mongols and World Interaction Islam  Khan’s grandson moves west against Mesopotamia and North Africa.  Baghdad was seized and destroyed in 1258.  Islam, with the fall of the Abbasid Dynasty lost its central authority.  Mongol victory over the Seljuk Turks in 1243 opened Asia Minor to conquest by the Ottoman Turks.

3. Mongols and World Interaction Mongol advance halted by the Mamluks of Egypt. The Mongols brought the Muslim world new military knowledge, especially gunpowder. Trade and cultural contact flourished Black Death

4. Mongols and World Interaction China Kublai Khan led the Mongols against the Song. Becomes Yuan Dynasty 1271 Attempted to preserve distinction between the two groups. Chinese forbidden to learn Mongol script and intermarriage was forbidden Kublai fascinated by Chinese Civilization and adopts their culture

5. Mongols and World Interaction New social structure with Mongols at top, nomads and Muslims, northern Chinese and southern Chinese. Mongol women remained alienated from Confucian Chinese culture. Did not adopt foot binding and retained rights to property and control in the household and freedom of movement. Some Mongol women hunted and went to war. Their powers decline after Kublai

6. Mongols and World Interaction Still tolerant and draws many into their kingdom. Ethnic Chinese never accepted Mongol rule. Resent that they never reinstate the exam system and their social standing Merchants and Artisans social class improve as transportation and paper money expand Navy, Urban life and entertainment

7. Mongols and World Interaction Kublai’s death leads to the weakening of the Yuan dynasty Corruption, revolt, secret societies, and Ming Dynasty emerges

8. Russia The Russians became vassals of the khan of the Golden Horde. Russian princes paid tribute Peasants had to meet demands from their own princes and Mongols. Many sought protection by becoming serfs.

9. Russia Moscow grows at the expense of nearby towns and profits as a tribute collector for the Khans. As the Golden Horde declined Moscow led Russian resistance to the Mongols Mongols influence military and political organization and isolate Russia from the Renaissance and Reformation.