1. AIM: What does the study of Human Geography involve? Do Now: Take a minute to write down all of the food and drink you ate before coming to class today.

2. The Geography of Breakfast Take a minute to write down all of the food and drink you ate before coming to class today.

3. Breakfast Foods Food Place of OriginCurrent Production coffeeEthiopiaTropics orangesSouth Asia, IndiaUS, Mediterranean porkChina, South AsiaWorldwide wheatNear EastUS, Russia, Argentina teaChinaAsia oats Near EastTemperate Climates pepperSouth AmericaS. America, Worldwide

4. Top Ten Coffee Growing Countries (Yellow) First domesticated in Ethiopia, coffee has come to be a major export crop for colonial countries and continues to provide much of the export income in these less developed countries. In Uganda, 70-80% of export revenue is generated by coffee. Many issues are raised by the continuation of such colonial economics. COFFEE

5. www.coursesmart.com Author: James M. Rubenstein Book Title: Human Geography: The Cultural Landscape Read the introduction to chapter one, as well as “Key Issue 1: How do Geographers Address Where Things Are”. Complete the outline for homework over the weekend. Be prepared to discuss the information in class on Monday.

6. Divisions of Geography Physical Geography Human Geography Rocks and Minerals Population Landforms Settlements Soils Economic Activities Animals Transportation Plants Recreational Activities Water Religion Atmosphere Political Systems Rivers and Other Water Bodies Social Traditions Environment Human Migration Climate and Weather Agricultural Systems Geography is a bridge between the natural and social sciences. Geography is a holistic or synthesizing science.

7. Fieldwork: Geographers as Modern Explorers and Observers

8. Israel 1998

9. Paris 2001

10. Costa Rica 2006

11. Mexico 2010

12. Puerto Rico 2011

13. California 2011

14. Introduction to Cultural Geography l Definition of Cultural Geography l History of the Discipline l Fundamental Concepts

15. What are its elements? Language Religion Food Clothing Art Music Rituals and Customs How is it transferred? Parents to Children Schooling Television, Films, Radio, and Internet What is CULTURE?

16. Culture is learned behavior that is passed on by imitation, instruction, and example. l Culture is almost entirely relative. Proper behavior shifts from culture to culture. l U.S. current problems: 1) little shared culture; 2) no one is teaching culture. l For example: sex education - Home? School? Note: experiencing another culture is useful for gaining perspective on your own. Harshest punishment in history?: banishment in “primitive” cultures.

17. Geographic Importance of Culture Geographers study culture because it leaves dramatic imprints on the earth, both physical and cultural. l Language: a crystal ball into culture. l Religion: strongest determinant of ethics. l Nationalism and Borders l Material Culture: tools, clothes, toys, etc. l Architecture: Suburban garages vs. earlier porches l Religion: affects societal choices; creates sacred space

18. The Cultural Landscape The result of the natural environment and all of the changes to it as a result of a particular culture. In other words, it is cultures imprint on the land. (Carl Sauer) l Environmental Determinism: environment is primary determinant of culture. l Possibilism: humans are primary determinant of culture, within limits set by the environment.

19. N.Y.C. Environmentally Determined?

20. What about Bali, Indonesia?

24. Key Concepts: Space Latitude and Longitude - a reference system designed to provide “absolute” location (as opposed to relative locations). A system used to designate space. l Parallels of Latitude l Meridians of Longitude

26. The Geographic Grid Latitude - angular measurement of distance north or south of the Equator. Range: 0 - 90 degrees N or S 1 o latitude = approx. 69 miles (25,000 mi. /360 o ).

27. The Geographic Grid Longitude - the angular measurement of distance east or west of the Prime Meridian. Range: 0 o - 180 o E or W Maximum value reached at International Date Line - 180 o

28. Key Concepts: Tobler’s 1 st Law of Geography All things are related. However, all other things being equal, those things that are closest together are more related. Related Concepts: l Distance Decay / Friction of Distance l Spatial Interaction l Movement

32. Key Concepts REGION – an area defined by shared characteristic l 3 Types of Culture Regions l Formal - all members share a characteristic l Functional - defined by a node of activity and distance decay from center l Vernacular - perception of cultural identity

33. Overlapping Formal and Functional Regions

34. Vernacular Regions

35. Diffusion The spread of people, customs, phenomenon, objects, or ideas. Four Types: Relocation Hierarchical Contagious Stimulus Use these terms to explain the spread of: Diseases Popular Music Democratic Revolutions Religious Practices

36. Sense of Place Every place is unique. Imagine where you lived as a child. Where is home? Why and how do places take on meaning for human individuals? l Sensory l Architecture l Symbolic Why is each place unique? Key works: Place and Placelessness - Relph, 1978 Topophilia - Tuan, Yi-Fu

37. Sense of Place Groveland, CA Bourbon Street

38. What kinds of cultural values are reflected in each of these American houses? Gated community?

39. Where are we? What values are reflected in each? What relation to physical environment?

40. Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey Timber House, Switzerland Yurt on Mongolian SteppeSuburban Home, Chicago

41. Human-Environment Interaction (Cultural Ecology) Successful cultures are those that adapt well to their environments. (Chaco Canyon, North Africa, Fertile Crescent, Easter Island) Chaco Canyon, New MexicoEaster Island, Polynesia

42. Key Concepts: Core-Periphery Core l U.S., Europe, Japan, Australia l Wealthy l Powerful l Controls Media and Finance l Technologically advanced Periphery l Less Developed l Poor l Dependent upon Core countries for: l Education l Technology l Media l Military Equipment

43. Key Concepts: Core-Periphery

44. Geography and Politics l Ties to Military l Role in Colonization l Role in Imperialism l Role in Cold War l Ethnocentrism l Masculinism Foreign - 4) Situated in an abnormal or improper place. 5) Not natural: alien. The American Heritage Dictionary

45. Globalization The increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, political, and cultural change. Economic globalization is happening fastest. Panama, 1997