1. Combustion Fuel + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + Energy

2. RELEVANCERELEVANCE

3. Experimental Design Overall Set Up Can should be gripped not crushed Adjust tension and height with clamp on the ring stand using thumb screws

4. Wick Length The wick should be trimmed to ~ ¼ of an inch. Done by “pinching” the burnt wick with fingernails. Long wicks droop causing the candle to burn quickly and unevenly.

5. Adjustments Wing nuts for adjustment Upright Up and down Tighten Clamp 1-2 cm above candle wick (½ to ¾ inch).

6. Heating Do not heat with thermometer in the can. Flame in the center can bottom Heat for ~7 minutes.

7. Drafts o minimize the contact o reduce efficiency and heat transfer o block drafts from outside sources The depression in the bottom helps block some of the drafts. Don’t “breathe” on the candle.

8. Some charring normal, especially when drafts interfere. Remove and extinguish the heat source before inserting the thermometer. Do not touch thermometer to bottom of can After burning o Measure mass o Measure temperature

9. Clean Up Aluminum Can o Empty & place upside down on paper towel o Wipe off charring from bottom of can Clean Work Space with water & paper towel (residual soot) Refill DI water bottle Sign and date conclusion and discussion pages in ink

10. Question 2 Specific Heat: C=1 cal/g o C o 1 Calorie to raise 1 gram of water 1 o C o How many calories to raise 10 grams of water? o 500 grams of water? o Was the water in the can increased by just 1 o C? Zona

11. Question 2 Specific Heat: C=1 cal/g o C o What formula should you use? o What do the component of the formula represent? Swanson

12. Question 3 Calories/g Joules/g How many kJ/g? Experimental to theoretical? What % efficiency? Zona

13. Question 3 What conversions are necessary? What is your experimental energy? Experimental to theoretical? What % efficiency? Swanson

14. Question 4 Molar Ratio? Molar Mass of Candle Mass of Candle? Mass Candle =Mass CO 2 C 25 H 52 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O Zona

15. Question 4 Molar Ratio? Molar Mass of Candle? of CO 2 ? What conversions are needed? C 25 H 52 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O Swanson

16. Question 5 How many joules produced? How long did the candle burn? Zona

17. Question 5 How many joules produced? How long did the candle burn? Swanson