1. CHAPTER 2.1 THE CELL

2. OPEN SYSTEM Cells are open systems (can exchange matter and energy with their surroundings) Cells perform the following life processes…  Intake of nutrients  Movement  Growth  Response to stimuli  Exchange of gases  Waste removal  Reproduction

3. CELL MEMBRANE Protective barrier for the cell Allows transport of materials (needed/waste Cell communication

4. NUCLEUS Contains DNA Directs all cell activity

5. CYTOPLASM Gel-like substance inside the cell membrane Contains nutrients Holds organelles Cytoplasmic streaming (movement of molecules)

6. CELL WALL In plants, bacteria, protists, and fungi Rigid frame that supports the cell

7. CHLOROPLAST Found only in plants and protists Contain chlorophyll (green pigment) Site of photosynthesis

8. VACUOLES AND VESICLES Store nutrients, fats Central vacuole in plants stores water Turgor pressure increases as it takes in water, making the cell turgid

9. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Small tubes branching from the nucleus Materials are transported through it Rough ER has ribosomes for protein synthesis Smooth ER – fat and oil production

10. LYSOSOMES Sacs where digestion happens Defense against bacteria Destroy damaged organelles

11. GOLGI APPARATUS Receives substances from ER to package and transport out of the cell

12. MITOCHONDRIA Where cellular respiration takes place

13. I MISSED TWO I missed two Organelles. What are they? What do they do?

14. SEE PAGE 270 – COMPARE PLANT AND ANIMAL Similarities cell membrane cytoskeleton made up of proteins and lipids DNA Differences Animals – centrioles -specialized molecules (hemoglobin/cholesterol) -glycogen – energy Plants – cell wall (cellulose) -starch/oils for energy -central vacuole -chloroplasts (chlorophyll)

15. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CELL STRUCTURES 4 major organic compounds… -lipids (fats/oils) -carbohydrates (sugars) -proteins (muscle fibre) -nucleic acids (DNA) Water is the other major compound (solvent) Trace elements Mg Zn Mn Fe

16. MODEL OF CELL MEMBRANE Plasma membrane Maintains equilibrium inside cell Phospholipid bilayer Fluid mosaic model – first suggested in 1972 Proteins suspended in membrane – outside, inside, throughout