1. Chapter 13.2 Greece Contributions of Ancient Greece Philosophy: the study of thought and reasoning; led to a system of reasoning that laid the groundwork for modern science Democracy: Ancient Greece had a direct democracy in which citizens met in popular assembly to discuss issues, pass laws, and vote for leaders Life-like art in both painting and sculpture Architecture using mathematic principals to create balanced and visually pleasing buildings Literature, including history and drama/theater Mathematical advancements (in geometry, among others)

2. Who’s in charge? 300’s BC: Greece became part of Alexander the Great’s empire 146 BC: Romans took over 400’s AD: Roman empire was split Greece became part of the Eastern, or Byzantine, Empire Rulers adopted the Greek language, customs, and religion: Christianity 1300-1400’s AD: Ottoman Turks took over Turks were Muslim, but they allowed Greeks to remain Christian 1800’s: Greeks rebelled against Turks and drove them out of Greece Greece has gone through several governmental changes monarchy military dictatorship democracy

3. Culture Language: Greek One of the oldest languages still spoken in Europe Religion: Orthodox Church a branch of Christianity that dates back to the Byzantine Empire Customs: Food is influenced by native products and by groups who have ruled there Lamb, olives, and vegetables are native Romans introduced pasta Turks introduced yogurt and honey Family is the cornerstone of society

4. Greece Today Greece has an urbanized society with a diverse economy. 3/5 of Greeks live in urban areas, mostly in and around Athens, Greece’s capital Athens is a mix of modern and ancient: skyscrapers rise above ancient ruins Pollution is a problem in Athens, which damages ancient ruins and causes health concerns People in rural areas live much like they used to People in isolated mountain villages grow crops and raise sheep and goats Greece’s economic growth lags behind most other European nations. 2009: Greek government’s huge debt was exposed 2012: Greek leaders agreed to accept billions of dollars in loans; parliament agreed to cut spending and people violently protested Important industries: shipping and tourism