1. 2-1 Objectives: Describe the basic structure and function of sugars. Name 3 saccharides and describe their functions. Identify a general characteristic of lipids. Describe the structure and function of fats. List functions of proteins. Describe the structure of amino acids and proteins. Describe factors that influence protein shape. Organic Macromolecules

2. 2-2 Organic Molecules Recall molecules are two or more atoms bonded covalently (sharing electrons). Inorganic molecules are non-carbon based. Ex. NH 3, H 2 O and O 2. Organic molecules are carbon based.

3. 2-3 Organic Molecules Organic molecules are composed of hundreds or millions of atoms. Monomers are similar small molecules that link together. Polymers are straight chains of monomers linked together. Monomers are to polymers like letters are to words.

4. 2-4 Four Macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Protein Nucleic Acid

5. 2-5 The Task You are responsible for learning about three of the four organic macromolecules. There are options: Puzzle PPT Textbook We will determine which option you will use to obtain your notes.

6. 2-6 Read through the notes and fill in the following information for each molecule: Definition Element Composition Examples Function in Body Monomer Simple Polymer Complex Polymer PowerPoint Notes

7. 2-7 Carbohydrates Carbohydrates serve as quick energy and short-term energy storage. They play a structural role in plants, bacteria, and insects. Monomers of carbohydrates are the monosaccharides: glucose fructose galactose

8. 2-8 Structure of Glucose

9. 2-9 A disaccharide is made from linking two monosaccharides together.

10. 2-10 Larger polysaccharides are made from linking many glucose molecules together through condensation synthesis. Examples of polysaccharides: Starch glycogen cellulose

11. 2-11 Lipids Lipids serve as long-term energy stores in cells, form membranes, and serve as hormones and insulation. Lipids do not dissolve in water. Fats and oils are formed from a glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules.

12. 2-12 Structure of Triglycerides

13. 2-13 Fatty acids are long chains of hydrocarbons ending in - COOH Fatty acids may be saturated fatty acids or unsaturated fatty acids.

14. 2-14 Some lipids are phospholipids that form cell membranes.

15. 2-15 Other lipids are steroids. Examples include cholesterol, and the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone.

16. 2-16 Proteins Proteins perform many functions in cells. Proteins: Serve as structural proteins Act as enzymes to speed reactions Serve as transport carriers Act as antibodies Allow materials to cross cell membranes

17. 2-17 Proteins are polymers of amino acids.

18. 2-18 Peptide bonds join amino acids.

19. 2-19 Proteins have levels of organization. Proteins can be denatured.