1. Life Cycle: Adolescence into Adulthood Lesson 35

2. Objectives Identify the physical changes that occur during adolescence Identify the physical changes that occur during adolescence Identify the mental, emotional and social changes that occur during adolescence Identify the mental, emotional and social changes that occur during adolescence Describe the physical, mental/emotional and social transitions that occur during middle and later adulthood Describe the physical, mental/emotional and social transitions that occur during middle and later adulthood Identify and analyze lifestyle behaviors that promote health and prevent disease throughout the life span Identify and analyze lifestyle behaviors that promote health and prevent disease throughout the life span Explain how dating, marriage and parenthood affect the family and society as well as the individual Explain how dating, marriage and parenthood affect the family and society as well as the individual

3. Adolescence Period from childhood to adulthood Period from childhood to adulthood Time of many exciting changes Time of many exciting changes Physical growth Physical growth Voice changes Voice changes Bodies filling out Bodies filling out Fastest period of growth after infancy Fastest period of growth after infancy Changes in mental/emotional and social life Changes in mental/emotional and social life

4. Puberty Time when a person begins to develop certain traits of adults of his or her own gender Time when a person begins to develop certain traits of adults of his or her own gender Marks the beginning of adolescence Marks the beginning of adolescence Generally occurs between ages of 12-18 Generally occurs between ages of 12-18 Hormones responsible for changes Hormones responsible for changes Testosterone in males Testosterone in males Extrogen and progesterone in females Extrogen and progesterone in females

5. Physical Changes Growth Growth Sex characteristics Sex characteristics Traits related to a person’s gender Traits related to a person’s gender Primary sex characteristics Primary sex characteristics Related directly to the production of reproductive cells Related directly to the production of reproductive cells Sperm in males Sperm in males Eggs “ova” in females Eggs “ova” in females Secondary sex Secondary sexcharacteristics Other changes that occur Other changes that occur during puberty Figure 20.1 page 515

6. Mental Changes Development of the brain Development of the brain By the time a person is 6, his/her brain is 95% of its adult size By the time a person is 6, his/her brain is 95% of its adult size The cerebrum—the thinking part of the brain—continues to develop in adolescence The cerebrum—the thinking part of the brain—continues to develop in adolescence Increases memory Increases memory Increases cognition Increases cognition That ability to reason and think out abstract solutions That ability to reason and think out abstract solutions Increased cognition allows you to anticipate consequences, think logically and understand different points of view Increased cognition allows you to anticipate consequences, think logically and understand different points of view

7. Figure 20.2 pg 516 Responsible for planning, strategizing and judgment Area undergoes a growth spurt when a child is 11-12 years old, followed by a growth period when new nerve connections from Connects the two sides of the brain Though to be involved in creativity and problem solving Grows and changes significantly during adolescence Coordinates muscles and physical movement Involved in the coordination of thinking processes Undergoes dramatic growth and change during adolescence Associated with emotion Teens use this part of the brain rather than the more analytical frontal cortex that adults use in emotional responses

8. Emotional Changes Bursts of energy Bursts of energy Waves of strong emotions Waves of strong emotions Mood swings Mood swings Intense feelings Intense feelings Support from friends and family can give you a sense of security when you need it, helping you become more confident Support from friends and family can give you a sense of security when you need it, helping you become more confident

9. Social Changes Need to make friends and be accepted into a peer group Need to make friends and be accepted into a peer group Close friends Close friends Peer pressure Peer pressure Peers may challenge what you stand for, your beliefs and values Peers may challenge what you stand for, your beliefs and values Close friends will never ask you to go against your values Close friends will never ask you to go against your values

10. Developmental Tasks Establish emotional and psychological independence Establish emotional and psychological independence May move back and forth between desire for independence and the security of family support May move back and forth between desire for independence and the security of family support Ongoing communication with parents can help teens learn the advantages of seeking advice and feedback Ongoing communication with parents can help teens learn the advantages of seeking advice and feedback Develop a sense of identity Develop a sense of identity Develop confidence Develop confidence Continue to develop identity, which began when you were a child and saw your parents as role models Continue to develop identity, which began when you were a child and saw your parents as role models Adopt a person value system Adopt a person value system Begin to assess your own values when they differ from those of your peers and others Begin to assess your own values when they differ from those of your peers and others Establish adult vocational goals Establish adult vocational goals Identify your skills and what you would like to do when you ‘grow up’ Identify your skills and what you would like to do when you ‘grow up’ Develop control over behavior Develop control over behavior Make decisions regarding participation in risk behaviors Make decisions regarding participation in risk behaviors Consider values Consider values Set short and long term goals to help you make good decisions Set short and long term goals to help you make good decisions

11. Moving into Adulthood

12. Successful Marriages Good communication Good communication Share feelings Share feelings Express needs and concerns Express needs and concerns Emotional Maturity Emotional Maturity Ability to understand their spouse’s needs Ability to understand their spouse’s needs Consider what is best for the relationship, not always what is best for the individual Consider what is best for the relationship, not always what is best for the individual Similar values and interests Similar values and interests Share attitudes about importance of health, religion, culture, family and friendships Share attitudes about importance of health, religion, culture, family and friendships Interests allowing them to spend time together can strengthen a marriage Interests allowing them to spend time together can strengthen a marriage

13. Resolving Conflicts Common issues Common issues Differences in spending and saving habits Differences in spending and saving habits Conflicting loyalties involving friends and family Conflicting loyalties involving friends and family Lack of communication Lack of communication Lack of intimacy Lack of intimacy Jealously, infidelity or lack of attention Jealously, infidelity or lack of attention Decisions about having children and arranging child care Decisions about having children and arranging child care Abuse tendencies or attitudes Abuse tendencies or attitudes Good communication can help to solve conflicts Good communication can help to solve conflicts Counseling may be necessary Counseling may be necessary

14. Teen Marriages Maturity is one of the most important factors in a successful marriage Maturity is one of the most important factors in a successful marriage Teens are still struggling to figure out their own identity Teens are still struggling to figure out their own identity 60% in teen marriages end in divorces 60% in teen marriages end in divorces Most end in the first few years Most end in the first few years Marriage may interfere with personal freedom, educational and career goals Marriage may interfere with personal freedom, educational and career goals Lack of life experience Lack of life experience Financial pressures strain the relationship Financial pressures strain the relationship

15. Parenthood After marriage many people decide to start a family After marriage many people decide to start a family Have a child Have a child Adoption Adoption Foster children Foster children Raising a child is challenging and rewarding Raising a child is challenging and rewarding Serious responsibility Serious responsibility Provide protection, food, clothing, shelter, education and medical care Provide protection, food, clothing, shelter, education and medical care Provide guidance, instill values, set limits, give unconditional love Provide guidance, instill values, set limits, give unconditional love

16. Middle Adulthood Physical, mental, emotional and social changes don’t stop when adolescence ends Physical, mental, emotional and social changes don’t stop when adolescence ends Continues throughout a life span Continues throughout a life span

17. Physical Changes Skin loses elasticity Skin loses elasticity Functioning of body’s organs slows Functioning of body’s organs slows Body’s immune system become less effective Body’s immune system become less effective Females experience menopause Females experience menopause Age 45-55 Age 45-55 Stopping of ovulation and menstruation Stopping of ovulation and menstruation Female can no longer become pregnant Female can no longer become pregnant Healthful behaviors, including weight management, nutritious eating, and physical activity makes these changes less severe Healthful behaviors, including weight management, nutritious eating, and physical activity makes these changes less severe Strength training increases muscle mass, preserves bone density and protects major joints from injury Strength training increases muscle mass, preserves bone density and protects major joints from injury

18. Figure 20.4 pg 530

19. Mental Transition Mental activities strengthen the brain Mental activities strengthen the brain Solving puzzles, reading and playing board games provide mental stimulation Solving puzzles, reading and playing board games provide mental stimulation Continue learning Continue learning

20. Emotional Transitions Most people have experienced many of life’s greatest joys by this point Most people have experienced many of life’s greatest joys by this point Children Children Personal accomplishment Personal accomplishment Some disappointments Some disappointments “midlife crisis” “midlife crisis” Questions and concerns about whether they have met goals, feel loved and made a positive difference in others’ lives Questions and concerns about whether they have met goals, feel loved and made a positive difference in others’ lives Keeping the health triangle in balance will help people avoid these concerns Keeping the health triangle in balance will help people avoid these concerns

21. Social Transitions Focus on family Focus on family Adults faced with the death of a parent and their children growing up and leaving home Adults faced with the death of a parent and their children growing up and leaving home Empty-nest syndrome Empty-nest syndrome Feelings of sadness or loneliness that accompany children’s leaving home and entering into adulthood Feelings of sadness or loneliness that accompany children’s leaving home and entering into adulthood Maintaining healthy relationships with family and friends makes it less difficult to adjust to these changes Maintaining healthy relationships with family and friends makes it less difficult to adjust to these changes Time to apply talents and life experience to community and social programs Time to apply talents and life experience to community and social programs

22. Late Adulthood Goal is to look back at life with satisfaction and a sense of fulfillment Goal is to look back at life with satisfaction and a sense of fulfillment Living life with integrity increases satisfaction Living life with integrity increases satisfaction Making decisions with adherence to a moral code Making decisions with adherence to a moral code Retirement Retirement Ability to pursue new interests Ability to pursue new interests Volunteering Volunteering Remaining mentally and physically active will allow older adults to enjoy their later years more than those who don’t challenge themselves Remaining mentally and physically active will allow older adults to enjoy their later years more than those who don’t challenge themselves Social security and Medicare are government programs created to benefit older adults (over 65) Social security and Medicare are government programs created to benefit older adults (over 65)