1. MINERAL FAMILIES and RESOURCES
Classified into 7 groups
Based upon their chemical composition

2. I Native Elements: consist of a single element Examples: Silver (Ag)
Copper (Cu)
Graphite (C)
Sulfur (S)

3. II Sulfides: - - compounds of metal and sulfur Examples: Galena(PbS)
Pyrite (FeS2)

4. III Oxides: - compounds of metals and oxygen Examples:
Hematite (Fe2O3)
Corundum (Al2O3)

6. IV Halides
made of a combination of metals and the nonmetallic elements known as halogens.
Examples:
Halite (NaCl)
Fluorite (CaF2)

7. V Carbonates : - compounds of metals with carbon and oxygen. Examples:
Calcite (CaCO3)
Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2

10. VI Sulfates: compounds of metals with sulfur and oxygen Examples:
Gypsum
(CaSO4 H2O)

11. VII Silicates: Largest group
- compounds of various elements with silicon (Si) and oxygen (O).
- the most abundant group
make up 90% of Earth’s Crust
these elements form a unit called a tetrahedron
Examples: Quartz, clay, talc, mica, olivine

12. Tetrahedron
molecular formula
SiO4

13. Structural Formula Draw out:
– the arrangement of these atoms determines the crystal shape that results
The silica tetrahedron is the basic building block of minerals

15. Resources
Ores: naturally occurring solid materials from which a metal or valuable mineral can be profitably extracted.
Gems: precious or semi-precious stone
Mineralogy: scientific study of minerals