1. Phases of Matter and Heat Transfer

2. Matter Video on the discovery of the nucleus

3. Phases of Matter There are 5 phases of matter Phase changes are controlled by the energy of the material Can anyone name the 5 phases?

4. Phases of Matter There are 5 phases of matter Phase changes are controlled by the energy of the material Can anyone name the 5 phases?

5. Phases of Matter Video on plasma and BE condensate

6. Temperature Temperature – A quantity that tells you how hot or cold a material is compared to a standard. We usually measure temperature in Fahrenheit (F), and Celsius (C). For our class we will use Kelvin (K)

7. Temperature Kelvin = Celsius + 273 Celsius = 9/5 (Fahrenheit – 32)

9. Heat Transfer Heat – The energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference. Heat flows from a higher temperature substance, to a lower temperature substance

10. Heat Transfer We measure heat in the unit known as calories A calorie is defined as the amount of heat to change 1 gram of water 1 C° We say “cal” for short. 1000 calories is a kilocalorie

11. Heat Transfer Materials have a quantity known as specific heat capacity. Specific heat capacity is how much heat a material can hold per mass and degree Celsius. We use the variable “c” to define specific heat. Units are calories/(grams °C)

12. Heat Transfer The higher the specific heat capacity, the more heat a material can hold. Material with lower specific heat capacities get hotter quicker, like Iron or sand. Water has a high specific heat capacity = 1cal/g°C

13. Heat Transfer The quantity of heat, which will be defined with the variable Q, can be found with the following equation Q = mcΔT Heat = mass x specific heat capacity x Temperature change (Celsius)

14. Heat Transfer You can calculate the heat required to change the phase of a material from one phase to another Q = mL Heat = mass x latent heat The units of latent heat are calories/gram. Every phase change has a specific latent heat. Heat of fusion involves interchanging between a solid and liquid, and heat of vaporization involves changing between a liquid and a gas.

15. Heat Transfer Try these problems