1. French Revolution Why did the French Revolution occur?

2. King Louis XVI Married age 15 Married age 15 Crowned age 19 Crowned age 19 Introverted Introverted Uninterested in government Uninterested in government

3. Queen Marie Antoinette Princess and Archduchess of the Hapsburgs house of Austria Princess and Archduchess of the Hapsburgs house of Austria Married at age 14 Married at age 14 Lavish in dress “Madame Deficit” Lavish in dress “Madame Deficit” Scandals Scandals

4. Government General Estates- General Estates- First Estate-Roman Catholic clergy (1% pop.) First Estate-Roman Catholic clergy (1% pop.) Second Estate-Nobility (2% of pop.) Second Estate-Nobility (2% of pop.) Third Estate (97 %) -Bourgeoisie, Artisans, Peasants Third Estate (97 %) -Bourgeoisie, Artisans, Peasants Bourgeoisie-Middle class people (Doctors, Lawyers, Merchants) Bourgeoisie-Middle class people (Doctors, Lawyers, Merchants)

5. Estates Clergy Nobles 5-10% Owned 25% of land Bourgeoisie Artisans Peasants Owned 40% of land

6. Causes of French Revolution Causes Causes Seven Years War (King Louis XV) Seven Years War (King Louis XV) (French and Indian War) (French and Indian War) National debt National debt Enlightenment ideas- “Social Contract” Enlightenment ideas- “Social Contract” John Locke John Locke Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau

7. Causes Causes Causes American Revolution American Revolution Crop failures Crop failures Bread Shortages Bread Shortages King Louis XVI calls Estates General King Louis XVI calls Estates General Needs money for debt Needs money for debt Estates General must vote Estates General must vote

8. The National Assembly B2 June 17, 1789 June 17, 1789 Third Estates created new governing body Third Estates created new governing body Tennis Court Oath- Tennis Court Oath- -Wrote Constitution

9. Storming the Bastille Bastille-Prison in Paris Bastille-Prison in Paris Symbol of monarch’s power. Symbol of monarch’s power. July 14, 1789 riot and took over the Bastille July 14, 1789 riot and took over the Bastille Common People Common People Sign King was losing power Sign King was losing power The Great Fear The Great Fear Rebellion spreads to the countryside Rebellion spreads to the countryside

10. Women’s Cry Women's march on Versailles Women's march on Versailles mobbed and armed mobbed and armed Fighting for bread Fighting for bread Forced King to return to Paris and deal with the people Forced King to return to Paris and deal with the people

11. Stop

12. Declaration of the Rights of Man Slogan of French Revolution: Slogan of French Revolution: “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”-Rousseau Modeled after U.S. Declaration of Independence Modeled after U.S. Declaration of Independence Read Read Written by Marquis de Lafayette with help of Thomas Jefferson Written by Marquis de Lafayette with help of Thomas Jefferson https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXsZ bkt0yqo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXsZ bkt0yqo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXsZ bkt0yqo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXsZ bkt0yqo

13. Church and State National Assembly confiscates and sells off church lands to pay for government debt National Assembly confiscates and sells off church lands to pay for government debt Civil Constitution of the Clergy Civil Constitution of the Clergy Clergy elected Clergy elected Government employees Government employees  Weakens power of Catholic Church

14. The Almost Great Escape Royal Family attempts to escape France Royal Family attempts to escape France Caught near the boarder at Varennes, Fr. Caught near the boarder at Varennes, Fr.

15. Call for Help Declaration of Pillnitz -Austria and Prussia willing to aide French royal family Declaration of Pillnitz -Austria and Prussia willing to aide French royal family Austrian Emperor Leopold II is Queen’s brother Austrian Emperor Leopold II is Queen’s brother French response: Declared war on Austria French response: Declared war on Austria What did the European countries fear?

16. What to do with the King? Quick Write 2 minutes Quick Write 2 minutes Review the ideas debated last week Review the ideas debated last week Share out Share out

17. September Massacres Aug 1792 Aug 1792 Paris mobs attack and kill nobles and priests whom they accused of political crimes Paris mobs attack and kill nobles and priests whom they accused of political crimes Radicals take over the National Assembly Radicals take over the National Assembly Call for new constitution Call for new constitution

18. New Constitution Constitutional monarchy Constitutional monarchy Factions* (Define) within the Assembly Factions* (Define) within the Assembly Royalist (e’migre’s)-nobles wanted to restore monarchy Royalist (e’migre’s)-nobles wanted to restore monarchy Sans – Culottes (“those without knee breeches”) “common people” upper middle class Bourgeoisie who wanted to have influence within the government (Radicals/mobs) Sans – Culottes (“those without knee breeches”) “common people” upper middle class Bourgeoisie who wanted to have influence within the government (Radicals/mobs)

19. The French Republic National Convention (Sept. 1792) National Convention (Sept. 1792) Wrote first democratic constitutions (another one) Wrote first democratic constitutions (another one) Monarchy abolished Monarchy abolished Extend vote to all males with or without property Extend vote to all males with or without property Metric system Metric system New calendar New calendar

20. Factions Jacobins vs. Girondists Jacobins vs. Girondists Girondists – moderates, felt Revolution went too far Girondists – moderates, felt Revolution went too far Middle class Middle class Jacobins – radical Jacobins – radical “Mountains” – most radical Jacobins “Mountains” – most radical Jacobins Calls for the execution of the King Calls for the execution of the King

21. Political Leaders Maximilien Robespierre Maximilien Robespierre Jacobin Jacobin Lawyer Lawyer Most Controversial figure of the French Revolution Most Controversial figure of the French Revolution National Convention: Committee of Public Safety National Convention: Committee of Public Safety Marquis de Lafayette Marquis de Lafayette Girondist Girondist Military commander in America during American Revolution Military commander in America during American Revolution Wrote: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizens Wrote: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizens

22. Political Leaders Georges Danton- Georges Danton- Jacobin Jacobin New Republics: Minister of Justice New Republics: Minister of Justice Jean-Paul Marat Jean-Paul Marat Jacobin Jacobin National Convention member National Convention member “Friend of the People” – public paper “Friend of the People” – public paper Hated by Girondists Hated by Girondists

23. OFF WITH HIS HEAD! Jan. 1793 King Louis XVI was beheaded Jan. 1793 King Louis XVI was beheaded Tried before the National Convention and convicted of conspiring against the liberty of the nation Tried before the National Convention and convicted of conspiring against the liberty of the nation

24. The Reign of Terror The Reign of Terror

25. WAR France vs. Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, Holland, Spain (1793) France vs. Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, Holland, Spain (1793) National Convention instituted draft National Convention instituted draft 18-25 army 18-25 army First draft on European continent First draft on European continent 1796 French armies commanded by young Napoleon Bonaparte 1796 French armies commanded by young Napoleon Bonaparte

26. Reign of Terror Revolution gone bad!

27. The Committee of Public Safety Created by National Convention Created by National Convention Duties Duties Draft people into the army Draft people into the army Famous Leaders : Danton, Marat, Robespierre Famous Leaders : Danton, Marat, Robespierre Robespierre Robespierre used committee to get rid of enemies of the cause used committee to get rid of enemies of the cause Took control of National Convention so The Committee of Public Safety had more power Took control of National Convention so The Committee of Public Safety had more power Dictator power Dictator power

28. Reign of Terror July 1793-July 1794 Committee Public Safety July 1793-July 1794 Committee Public Safety Lead by Robespierre Lead by Robespierre Guillotined Guillotined Enemies of the Republic Enemies of the Republic 40,000+ people executed 40,000+ people executed Danton Danton Marie Antoinette Marie Antoinette

29. Jean Paul Marat Jacobin Jacobin Spoke out with “Friend of the People” Spoke out with “Friend of the People” Killed in his bathtub Killed in his bathtub Stabbed by Charlotte Corday – Girondist Stabbed by Charlotte Corday – Girondist Was guillotined for death of Marat Was guillotined for death of Marat

30. Terror turns inward Danton Danton Charged with trying to over throw the government Charged with trying to over throw the government Charged by radicals Charged by radicals Giullotined Giullotined Robespierre and followers guillotined Robespierre and followers guillotined Arrested and convicted by the National Convention Public Safety committee dismantled Public Safety committee dismantled Jacobin clubs closed Jacobin clubs closed

31. Napoleon

32. The Directory 1795-1799 1795-1799 New Legislative body “The Directory” New Legislative body “The Directory” Two house parliament Two house parliament Executive head 5 men Executive head 5 men New Constitution New Constitution Only upper middle class men could vote Only upper middle class men could vote only 20,000 men Army put down riots under leadership of Napoleon Army put down riots under leadership of Napoleon

33. Napoleon Bonaparte Commander of French forces fighting the Austrians in Italy Commander of French forces fighting the Austrians in Italy moved up through the ranks moved up through the ranks Marriage helped his status Marriage helped his status Improved soldiers conditions Improved soldiers conditions Gains soldiers support Gains soldiers support

34. Coup d e’tat Coup d e’tat Background Background Napoleon in Egypt fighting the British Napoleon in Egypt fighting the British Defeated at the Battle at the Nile Defeated at the Battle at the Nile Flees back to Paris Flees back to Paris Hero’s welcome the people Hero’s welcome the people Coup Coup Napoleon and armed soldiers march into the Directory kick out legislators Napoleon and armed soldiers march into the Directory kick out legislators The new Reign beginnings The new Reign beginnings

35. Napoleon’s France 1799 Napoleon’s Dictatorship 1799 Napoleon’s Dictatorship Restoring Order Restoring Order Napoleon appoints officers Napoleon appoints officers Bank of France Bank of France Everyone pays taxes Everyone pays taxes Made business loans Made business loans Controlled inflation Controlled inflation Created Schools Created Schools Secondary schools, Technical schools, Universities Secondary schools, Technical schools, Universities (step towards public schools)

36. Napoleon’s France Napoleonic Code- Napoleonic Code- Enlightenment ideas that all citizens were equal before the law Enlightenment ideas that all citizens were equal before the law Religious tolerance Religious tolerance State more important than the individual State more important than the individual Limited freedom of speech Limited freedom of speech Censorship Censorship Women’s rights limited (Men were head of house) Women’s rights limited (Men were head of house)

37. Napoleon’s France The Church The Church Made peace with Catholic Church Made peace with Catholic Church Napoleon still appointed bishops and paid clergy Napoleon still appointed bishops and paid clergy Pope forgave Pope forgave taken church lands

38. Emperor Napoleon 1804 named himself Emperor 1804 named himself Emperor Crowned himself Crowned himself Road to Napoleonic Europe Road to Napoleonic Europe France vs. Great Britain, Austria, Spain, Italy, (Russia) France vs. Great Britain, Austria, Spain, Italy, (Russia) Trade, ports, and economics Trade, ports, and economics conquered: Spain, Italy, “Germany” conquered: Spain, Italy, “Germany” Attempts: Russia and Great Britain Attempts: Russia and Great Britain  Lessons not learned from History are bound to be repeated-Who did not learn their history?

40. Napoleon’s Down Fall Napoleonic Wars 1799-1815 Napoleonic Wars 1799-1815 French fighting since Declaration of War on Austria in 1792 French fighting since Declaration of War on Austria in 1792 Invasion of Russia Invasion of Russia 600,000 soldiers from all over Europe 600,000 soldiers from all over Europe Russia “Scorched Earth policy” Russia “Scorched Earth policy” Russian Winter, no food, no shelter Russian Winter, no food, no shelter 400,000 soldiers die 400,000 soldiers die (wounds, starvation, exposure)

41. Napoleon’s Down Fall March 1814 Napoleon forced to surrender March 1814 Napoleon forced to surrender Foreign monarch’s return France to Foreign monarch’s return France to King Louis XVIII (brother of Louis XVI) Napoleon exiled to Elba, off Italy Napoleon exiled to Elba, off Italy Raises an army and comes back as Emperor Raises an army and comes back as Emperor Defeated at Waterloo, by British Defeated at Waterloo, by British Exiled to the island of Saint Helena under house arrest Exiled to the island of Saint Helena under house arrest Dies 1821 Dies 1821

42. You Decide Napoleon Tyrant or Unifier? Tyrant or Unifier?