1. Ch. 14 - Waves & Sound I. Characteristics of Waves Waves
Transverse waves
Longitudinal waves
Measuring waves

2. A. Waves
Waves
rhythmic disturbances that carry energy through matter or space
Medium
material through which a wave transfers energy
solid, liquid, gas, or combination
electromagnetic waves don’t need a medium (e.g. visible light)

3. A. Waves
Two Types:
Longitudinal Transverse

4. B. Transverse Waves Transverse Waves
medium moves perpendicular to the direction of wave motion

5. corresponds to the amount of energy carried by the wave
B. Transverse Waves
Wave Anatomy
corresponds to the amount of energy carried by the wave
wavelength
crests
amplitude
nodes
troughs

6. C. Longitudinal Waves Longitudinal Waves (a.k.a. compressional)
medium moves in the same direction as wave motion

7. C. Longitudinal Waves Wave Anatomy compression wavelength rarefaction
Amount of compression corresponds to amount of energy  AMPLITUDE.

8. D. Measuring Waves Frequency ( f )
# of waves passing a point in 1 second
Hertz (Hz)
1 second
shorter wavelength  higher frequency  higher energy

9. v =  × f D. Measuring Waves Velocity ( v )
speed of a wave as it moves forward
depends on wave type and medium
v =  × f
v: velocity (m/s)
: wavelength (m)
f: frequency (Hz)

10. Sonic Boom: occurs when a jet flies faster than the speed of sound due to compressions waves that stack up until the molecules in the wave explode away from the source.

11. Doppler Effect
As an ambulance comes toward you, the wavelengths are compressed in front of the ambulance (shorter wavelength leads to higher pitch).

12. Doppler Effect diagram

13. Words associated with waves that you should know:
15 minute video

14. Standing Wave
Occurs when there is continuous interference of equal but opposite amplitude. The wave appears to be standing still.

15. D. Measuring Waves f v  GIVEN: WORK: v = ? v =  × f
EX: Find the velocity of a wave in a wave pool if its wavelength is 3.2 m and its frequency is 0.60 Hz.
GIVEN:
v = ?
 = 3.2 m
f = 0.60 Hz
WORK:
v =  × f
v = (3.2 m)(0.60 Hz)
v = 1.92 m/s  v f

16. D. Measuring Waves f v  GIVEN: WORK:  = 417 m f = v ÷ 
EX: An earthquake produces a wave that has a wavelength of 417 m and travels at 5000 m/s. What is its frequency?
GIVEN:
 = 417 m
v = 5000 m/s
f = ?
WORK:
f = v ÷ 
f = (5000 m/s) ÷ (417 m)
f = 12 Hz  v f