1. By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

2. Problems of Sectional Balance in 1850  California statehood.  Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession.  Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:  Personal liberty laws  Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)  California statehood.  Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession.  Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:  Personal liberty laws  Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)

3. Compromise of 1850

4. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896) So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

5. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852  Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.  2 million in a decade!  Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.  2 million in a decade!

6. Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852

7. The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]  Nativists.  Anti-Catholics.  Anti-immigrants.  Nativists.  Anti-Catholics.  Anti-immigrants. 1849  Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

8. 1852 Presidential Election √ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

9. 1852 Election Results

10. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

11. “Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

12. “The Crime Against Kansas” Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC) Charged Butler (SC) [Butler’s cousin] with taking "a mistress... who, though ugly to others, is always lovely to him; though polluted in the sight of the world, is chaste in his sight—I mean," added Sumner, "the harlot, Slavery."

13. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20 c )

14. Birth of the Republican Party, 1854  Northern Whigs.  Northern Democrats.  Free-Soilers.  Know-Nothings.  Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.  Northern Whigs.  Northern Democrats.  Free-Soilers.  Know-Nothings.  Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

15. 1856 Presidential Election √ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

16. 1856 Election Results

17. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 Slaves aren’t people, they are property. ERGO, under the law Dred Scott had no right to sue, AND prohibiting someone from moving with their property is a violation of an American’s 4 th Amendment rights…

18. Panic of 1857 Economic Panic caused by the inflation of California gold, overproduction of grain, and the over-speculation of railroads (failures of banks and businesses) British investors to remove funds from U.S. banks, which raised questions about overall U.S. economic soundness "the political struggle between 'free soil' and slavery in the territories“ (Dredd Scott) Resulted in bank holidays & about a 20% reduction in Tariffs – –The South was much less hard-hit than other regions because of the stability of the cotton market.

19. The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand. A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

20. Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine Popular Sovereignty?

21. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

22. 1860 Presidential Election √ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

23. Republican Party Platform in 1860  Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.  Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].  No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].  Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].  Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.  Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].  Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.  Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].  No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].  Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].  Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.  Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

24. 1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

25. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

26. 1860 Election Results 1860 Election Results

27. Crittenden Compromise: A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing-KY) Proposals submitted in hopes to prevent a civil war. This plan was a proposal to reestablish the Missouri Compromise line and extend it westward to the Pacific coast. Slavery would be prohibited north or the line and permitted south of the line. Southerners in the Senate were willing to accept this plan. Northerners would have had to abandon their most fundamental position-that slavery should not be allowed to expand- and so they rejected it.

28. Secession!: SC  Dec. 20, 1860

29. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861