1. The Visual System Part 1

3. Glaucoma & Glaucoma test Refraction

6. Degree of cell packing in retina

7. Intrinsic Muscles of the Eye: The Iris Iris –circular.....constricts –radial.....…dilates Dilating pupil for eye exam: how to do it? Pharmacology of pupillary dilation: Atropine

8. Intrinsic Muscles of the Eye: Ciliary Muscle Ciliary muscle relaxed = tension on zonular fibers = tension on lens = flattened lens = distant focus Ciliary muscle contracted = tension on zonular fibers reduced = less tension on lens = lens becomes more spherical =near focus Eye strain Using a Microscope or Binoculars

9. With Convergence 1)Demonstrate Convergence 2)Measure NPA Accommodation animation

10. NPA Left eye _______________mm NPA Right eye ______________ mm Sex of subject ___ Age in months___ Normally use corrective lenses/contacts? yes/no Wearing corrective lenses/contacts for test: yes/no

11. Presbyopia 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.18 0.3 0.4

12. Disorders of Focus Myopia = nearsighted –eyeball too long, cornea/lens to “strong” –image focused in front of retina –correct with concave lens Hyperopia = farsighted –eyeball too short, cornea/lens to “weak” –image focused behind retina –correct with convex lens Astigmatism –irregular surface of lens or cornea

13. Cataract

14. Extraocular muscles Motor innervation by CN III, IV, VI Strabismus= misalignment of eyes Storytime

16. Suprachiasmatic Nucleus for diurnal cycling Visual reflexes: Accomodation, Saccades, Tracking, Pupillary reflex Aka. Area 17 and V1

17. Goliath?

18. Evolution of Binocular Vision Mapping the boundary of each visual field

19. Retinotopy

20. Point Localization Experiment Work in pairs 3 consecutive stimuli to same site Trial 1 = Red pen Trial 2 = Black pen Trial 3 = Blue pen Last digit SSN even = pen in dominant hand Last digit SSN odd = pen in non-dom hand 1 st subject tests hand first 2 nd subject tests calf first Test calf on same side as holding the marking pen.