1. Epidemiology and Public Health Human and Animal Health Unit Epidemiology of Ebola in West Africa: Jakob Zinsstag Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

2. 13. Januar 2016 2 Formenty et al. (1999). Human Infection Due Ebola Virus, Subtype Côte d’Ivoire: Clinical and Biologic Presentation. Journal of Infectious Diseases,179 Suppl. 1 S48-53.

3. 13. Januar 2016 3 Zinsstag et al. (2005) Potential of cooperation between human and animal health to strengthen health systems. Lancet; 366: 2142-45

4. 13. Januar 2016 4 November 1994: ~8 dead chimpanzees in the Taï Forest National Park, point-source Epidemic (meat consumption of smaller monkeys suspected (Cercopithecus)), earlier epidemic likely in 1992. Chimpanzees cannot be a reservoir Formenty et al. (1999) Ebola Virus Outbreak among Wild Chimpanzees Living in a Rain Forest of Côte d’Ivoire. Journal of Infectious Diseases ;179 Suppl 1: 120-126

5. 13. Januar 2016 5 Reservoir ecosystem: Tropical rain forest Fruit bats Humans Wildlife: i.e. Chimpanzees Pigott et al. (2014) Mapping the zoonotic niche of Ebola virus disease in Africa. eLIFE, 3:e04395

6. 13. Januar 2016 6 The social-ecological systems dynamics of Ebola in West Africa Presumptive underlying mechanisms of the emergence of Ebola 1.Changes in the agro-ecosystem from subsistence farming to increasingly industrialized farming  Habitat change of fruit bats by industrialized agro-forestry like oil palm production. 2.Social change towards a proletarization of farmers becoming oil palm fruit pickers Wallace et al. (2014) Did Ebola Emerge in West Africa by a policy-driven phase change in agroecology ? Environment and Planning A 2014; volume 46(11) 2533-2542