1. Weight and Balance

2. If not Handled: Extreme Cases

3. Less extreme cases Higher take off speed, Longer take off run,
Reduced rate and angle of climb,
Lower maximum altitude,
Shorter range,
Reduced cruising speed,
Reduced maneuverability,
Higher stalling speed,
Higher approach and landing speed,
Longer landing roll,
Excessive weight on the nose wheel or tail wheel
Loading is not limited to weight only. Attention must be paid to the location of the center of gravity.

4. Back to Basics

5. Moments
Moment = F x d d F

6. Center of gravity location affects flight
Limits certified by manufacturer
Control: if CG is too far backward
Stability: if CG is too far forward
Safety

7. CG too far FWD: Heavy Nose
More stability less control. Hard to pitch up during takeoff and landing

8. CG too far RWD: Heavy Tail
More controllable (lighter control input necessary), but less stable. Easy to stall

9. Manufacturers put together easy ways to help load correctly

10. CG Moment Envelope