1. The School Of Forest Resources Building University Park, Pennsylvania Chris Hoyman The Pennsylvania State University Architectural Engineering Lighting/Electrical Option

2. Thesis Outline Lighting Depth –Atrium –Videoconference Room –Aquaculture Lab –Meadow Electrical Depth –Impact of New Lighting Design –Distribution Analyses Acoustic Breadth –Videoconference Room Reverberation Times Structural Breadth –Atrium Beam Design

3. Presentation Outline Lighting Depth –Atrium –Videoconference Room Acoustic Breadth –Videoconference Room Reverberation Times

4. Lighting Depth-Atrium Atrium Overview: –Four-floor central circulation space –One of the primary architectural features of the building Functions: –Circulation –Meeting place –Architectural Experience

5. Lighting Depth-Atrium Goals of New Design: –Provide an inviting main entrance –Create an environment that will induce people to admire the space –Highlight some of the natural wood finishes –Provide adequate light levels Recommended Illuminances: –10 fc horizontal –3 fc vertical

6. Lighting Depth-Atrium Atrium First Floor Lighting Plan

7. Lighting Depth-Atrium Atrium Third Floor Lighting Plan (Corridor section typical to floors two and four)

8. Lighting Depth-Atrium Design Implementation –2’x2’ recessed parabolic fixtures in corridor area Throw light sideways while shielding direct view of lamps –Suspended “Artichoke” fixtures Brings light to the center of the atrium Large fixture fits with scale of the space Organic appearance add natural element to lighting Direct view of lamp shielded –Surface mounted accent lights Highlight hardwood ceiling

9. Lighting Depth-Atrium Power Density –ASHRAE 90.1 Allowable Power Density: 0.60 W/sq.ft. for the first three floors of an atrium, 0.20 W/sq.ft. for each additional floor. –The total power use in the new design is 2823 W, spread over 4930 sq. ft. The total power density = 0.57 W/sq. ft. Power density requirement met

10. Lighting Depth-Atrium Illuminance Levels

11. Lighting Depth-Atrium Rendering from fourth floor looking down

12. Lighting Depth-Atrium Rendering from outside looking into the second floor

13. Lighting Depth-Atrium Rendering of the second floor

14. Lighting Depth-Atrium Rendering of the first floor from the entrance

15. Lighting Depth-Atrium Rendering from the fourth floor

16. Lighting Depth-Atrium Ceiling illuminance levels from the accent lights

17. Lighting Depth-Atrium Design Analysis –Suspended fixtures enhance the architectural experience with their organic look –Hardwood ceiling highlighted to capture attention –An average of 12.44 horizontal fc and 5.42 vertical fc was provided, both slightly above the target levels –Power density requirements were met

18. Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Videoconference Overview: –Located on second floor –Multi-use space Functions: –Videoconferences –Presentations –Conferences

19. Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Goals of New Design: –Address the lighting requirements of the camera used for videoconferencing –Increase the performance of the videoconference lighting system –Provide general room lighting for non- videoconference settings

20. Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Camera Requirements- more than just illuminance levels: –Recommended Reflectances Ceiling- 70-80% Area behind participants- 40-60% Table- 40-60% Floor- 20% minimum –Recommended Illuminance Levels: Table- 30-100 horizontal fc Face- 30-90 vertical fc Back wall- 10-75 fc –Recommended Luminance Ratios: Face to background- 3:1 –Lamp CCT 3000-3500 K- improves skin tone for camera

21. Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room New design begins with changing the room: –Moved storage closet –Eliminated second door Recommended room dimensions: 20’-25’ x 25’-30’

22. Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room New table layout –Everyone within the camera’s 60° horizontal field of view –Similar focal lengths for all people, minimizes refocusing Ceiling and sidewalls are eliminated from the camera’s view –Reduces amount of data processed –Prevents glare from luminaires

23. Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Videoconference Lighting Plan

24. Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Design Implementation –2’x2’ recessed parabolic fixtures for general room lighting Provides uniform illumination on the work plane –Recessed VC fixtures provide directional illumination on the face and table Shielded to eliminate direct glare –Recessed 1’x4’ fixtures provide back and side lighting on the participants –Wall washers provide background illumination Dimmable for adaptability –Blackout shades over windows Prevent camera from seeing bright exterior

25. Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Power Density –ASHRAE 90.1 Allowable Power Density: 1.3 W/ sq. ft. for conference rooms –The total power use in the new design is 1539 W, spread over 720 sq. ft. The total power density = 2.13 W/sq. ft. Power density requirement exceeded, but offset by savings in other rooms, so allowable under 90.1

26. Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Videoconference General Lighting Illuminance Levels The IES recommends 50 fc horizontal for general conference rooms

27. Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Rendering of Videoconference General Lighting

28. Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Rendering of Videoconference General Lighting

29. Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Rendering of Videoconference Lighting (from camera’s view)

30. Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Videoconference Setting Illuminance Values, Wall washers at Full Output

31. Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Videoconference Setting Illuminance Values, Wall washers at Half Output

32. Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Videoconference Setting Luminance Values, Wall washers at Half Output

33. Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Rendering of Videoconference Setting, Wall washers at Half Output

34. Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Design Analysis –Camera Requirements: Recommended Reflectances –Ceiling- 70-80%  76% –Area behind participants- 40-60%  48% (beige shades) –Table- 40-60%  44% –Floor- 20% minimum  20% Recommended Illuminance Levels: –Table- 30-100 horizontal fc  95 fc –Face- 30-90 vertical fc  75 fc –Back wall- 10-75 fc  40 fc at half-output Recommended Luminance Ratio: –Face to background- 3:1  2:1 with wall washers at half-output, dimming further allows 3:1

35. Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Design Analysis –Camera requirements addressed and met –System performance during videoconferences improved over original –General lighting system provides adequate lighting levels for other room functions

36. Acoustic Breadth-Videoconference Room A reverberation time analysis of the videoconference room was performed: –Reverberation time influences speech intelligibility Too high- cave-like, echoing space Too low- space seems dead –Both situations reduce intelligibility, critical in a conference room setting –Target time: 0.7-1.2 seconds at all frequencies

37. Acoustic Breadth-Videoconference Room T 60 Calculation FrequencySwood αwScαcSwall αwSfαfSgαgΣSαT 60 125 Hz90.35577.9244.7515.21 978.711.18 250 Hz66.57707.2762.345.6335.75911.521.27 500 Hz42.79631.2235.6106.4725.74841.821.38 1000 Hz28.53752.8917.8281.3917.161097.771.05 2000 Hz28.53752.8953.4456.310.011301.130.89 4000 Hz23.78714.8748.95494.335.721287.850.903 Reverberation times are above the recommended range at low frequencies. The use of fibrous materials behind a perforated panel facing was analyzed, since it is absorptive at low frequencies T 60 = 0.161 (V / (ΣSα))

38. Acoustic Breadth-Videoconference Room T 60 Calculation After adding three sections of paneling (192 sq. ft.) the reverberation times at all frequencies will be within the desired range. This paneling will be on the side walls, out of camera view. FrequencySwall αwSpanelsαpΣSαT 60 125 Hz139.35115.2988.31.17 250 Hz35.421441034.61.12 500 Hz20.24157.44973.91.19 1000 Hz10.12153.61243.70.94 2000 Hz30.36115.21393.30.83 4000 Hz27.8372.961339.50.87

39. Conclusions The goals of the new design were satisfied: –New lighting systems delivered adequate illumination at acceptable power densities –New fixtures enhance the spaces architecturally –Addition of acoustic paneling will improve speech intelligibility in the videoconference room

40. Acknowledgements Thanks to Dr. Mistrick and Professor Parfitt for all their help, along with the rest of the faculty Friends and Family

41. Thank You! Questions or Comments?