1. Seed plants and structure of a seed

2. Warm up
What is the difference between vascular and non-vascular plants?
Specify what type of plant is each of the following:

3. Introduction If plants can’t move, how do they spread their seeds?
What are the two types of plants that you know which make seeds?

4. Objectives
Describe three ways that seed plants differ from seedless plants.
List three characteristics of seed plants.
Define pollen
Describe the structure of seeds.
Compare angiosperms and gymnosperms.
Recognize xylem and phloem as the main vascular tissues in plants.
List three functions of roots.
List three functions of stems.

5. Ex: grass and fruit trees
Seed plant
Vascular plants
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Nonflowering plants
No fruits
Ex: trees and shrubs
Flowering plants
Fruits
Ex: grass and fruit trees

6. Characteristics of a seed plants
Seed plants produce seeds.
Seeds nourish and protect young sporophytes.

7. Characteristics of a seed plants
The gametophyte of seed plants don’t live independently of the sporophyte. The gametophytes is small and form within the reproductive structures of the sporophyte.

8. Characteristics of a seed plants
The sperm of seedless plants need water to swim to the eggs of female gametophyte. Whereas, the sperm of the seed plants are formed inside pollen
Pollen can be transported by wind or by animals.
1- List three characteristics of seed plants

9. Structure of a seed
A seed is formed after fertilization, when a sperm and an egg join.
A seed is made up of three parts:
1- young plant or the sporophyte
2- stored food in the cotyledon
3- seed coat which surrounds and protects the seed.

11. Advantages of seed plants
Seedless plants
1- when growing, young plants used food stored in the seed
1- spores don’t have stored food to use when they grow
2- seed plants are spread by animals
2- spores are spread by wind
C.T: 2- how being eaten by an animal help a seed to grow?

12. Comparison between gymnosperms and angiosperms
Non-flowering plants. No fruits
Flowering plants, most abundant type of plants
Seeds are usually protected by a cone
Seeds are protected by the fruits.
Used for building material, paper, resin, and medicines
Used for food, medicines, fibers for clothing, rubber, and building materials.

13. Structure of seed plants
Root system
Shoot system
Made of roots
Made of stem and leaves

14. Pollination and fertilization

15. What is the main difference between vascular and nonvascular plants?
Vascular tissue
Xylem
Phloem
Move material from roots to shoots (stem and leaves)
Move material from leaves to all plant parts
Found in all plant parts

16. Roots Most roots are underground
Roots supply plants with water and dissolved minerals.
They support and anchor plants.
Roots also store surplus food made during photosynthesis. The food is produced in the leaves where it is transported by the phloem to the roots where it is stored as sugar or starch.

18. Stems Stems are very various in shape and size.
Usually located above the ground, however some can be underground.
Stems support the body of a plant.
They allow transport of material between the root system and shoot system, (contain xylem and phloem).
Some stems store materials, such as water.

19. Wrap up