1. PAGE 7: Earth’s Spheres, Landforms and Physical Processes What does it all mean? ©2012, TESCCC

2. What happened here? ©2012, TESCCC

7. Real World Application How are WE affected by natural disasters? ©2012, TESCCC

8. Watch Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n73qtEoj P_Y https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n73qtEoj P_Y ©2012, TESCCC

9. Earth’s Spheres - VOCAB Atmosphere: located right above the Earth’s surface and includes layers of gases (clouds, air pollution, sand storms, hurricanes, etc.) It protects us by absorbing solar radiation. Biosphere: life on land, rivers and oceans (Biomes) deserts, forests, grasslands Hydrosphere: water in liquid and solid state (oceans, glaciers, snow, lakes, rivers, etc.) Lithosphere: solids of the Earth (rocks, soils, landforms, etc.) ©2012, TESCCC

11. LITHOSPHERE!!!!!!!!!!! THINK PLATE TECTONICS ©2012, TESCCC

12. Get a book Open to page 36 READ MAIN IDEA https://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=QDqskltCixA https://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=QDqskltCixA ©2012, TESCCC

13. Plate Tectonics: View direction of the arrows showing movement of the plates. What can you deduce from this image? ©2012, TESCCC

14. Movement Along Plate Boundaries Converging- Plates moving toward one another; plates colliding Subduction- Plates moving underneath each other Divergent- Plates moving away or apart from one another. Also known as “spreading” Transform faulting- Plates moving side to side or sliding past each other ©2012, TESCCC

15. Converging Consists of two types of plate boundaries… *Continental-continental (mountains) *Oceanic-oceanic (volcanic mountains and ocean trenches) Oceanic-oceanic plates are heavy, and move under the lighter continental plate. This in turns causes subduction. All convergent plates experience landslides and volcanic mudslides ©2012, TESCCC

16. Subduction Plates moving underneath each other The subducted crust is always oceanic while the overriding crust may or may not be oceanic. Subduction zones are often noted for their high rates of volcanism, earthquakes and mountain building, also known as orogenesis. ©2012, TESCCC

17. Divergent Plates moving apart from each other On land, this is called a rift valley, and in the ocean it is called mid-oceanic ridge Block-vaulted and volcanoes form here (When the continental crust fractures, large blocks of crust can drop into the space that opens up) Earthquakes are experienced here ©2012, TESCCC

18. Transform faulting Plates moving side by side Produces earthquakes Relative motion is predominantly horizontal Transform faults end abruptly and are connected on both ends to other faults, ridges, or subduction zones While most transform faults are hidden in the deep oceans where they form a series of short zigzags accommodating seafloor spreading, the best-known (and most destructive) are those on land at the margins of tectonic plates ©2012, TESCCC

19. Pangaea Scientist Alfred Wegner theorized that at one time there was one huge super continent- Pangaea, that broke apart and separated into our seven (7) current continents The continents continue to drift even today Continental drift- Pangaean plates spliting and breaking apart several times to form the continents we know today; tectonic plates In the 1960’s, scientist found eveidence on the sea floor that suggested that it was spreading and pushing the continents apart. ©2012, TESCCC

20. Our next supercontinent, maybe? The Earth has been covered by giant combinations of continents, called supercontinents, many times in its past, and it will be again one day in the distant future. The next predicted supercontinent, dubbed Amasia, may form when the Americas and Asia both drift northward to merge, closing off the Arctic Ocean, researchers suggest. Conventional models of how supercontinents evolve suggest they form on top of the previous supercontinent, known as introversion, or on the opposite side of the world from that supercontinent, known as extroversion. Under these models Amasia would therefore either form where Pangaea once was, with the Americas meeting with Asia to close off the Atlantic Ocean, or form on the other side of the planet from where Pangaea was, with the Americas merging with Asia to close off the Pacific Ocean. ©2012, TESCCC

21. Map of Pangaea with current borders of countries ©2012, TESCCC

22. Erosion - Lithosphere https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LaB3nKx PjiU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LaB3nKx PjiU Erosion: Erosion occurs when weathered material is moved by the action of wind, water, ice, or even gravity. ©2012, TESCCC

23. Wind, Water, Ice, or Gravity? ©2012, TESCCC

24. Wind, Water, Ice, or Gravity? ©2012, TESCCC

25. Wind, Water, Ice, or Gravity? ©2012, TESCCC

26. Wind, Water, Ice, or Gravity? ©2012, TESCCC

27. Volcanoes – Lithosphere http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/1 01-videos/volcanoes- 101?source=relatedvideo http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/1 01-videos/volcanoes- 101?source=relatedvideo ©2012, TESCCC

28. Ring of Fire The Ring of Fire is the circle of volcanoes bordering the Pacific Ocean. An arc of islands east of China marks where the Pacific, Philippine and Eurasian tectonic plates meet. Most of the mountainous islands, including Taiwan and Japan, were formed by volcanic activity. Plate movements cause frequent earthquakes that can generate tsunamis and violent volcano eruptions. ©2012, TESCCC

29. ATMOSPHERE Hurricanes Tornadoes Thunderstorms Typhoons Monsoons ©2012, TESCCC

30. Complete Hazards Sheet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfmRf8i OBkI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfmRf8i OBkI ©2012, TESCCC

31. What’s wrong with this pic? ©2012, TESCCC