1. CHAPTER 6 INSURANCE OCCUPATIONS 1

2. INSURANCE AGENT  The insurance agent is the link in the marketing chain connecting the insurance company with the insurance consumer.  Agent: is authorised to act for another person  Principal is the person that an agent act on behalf. 2

3. DUTIES OF AGENTS  LOYALTY  NOT TO BE NEGLIGENT  OBEY INSTRUCTIONS  INFORM PRINCIPAL  RESAONABLE CARE 3

4. AUTHORITY  ACTUAL AUTHORITY is given to agents form their principals.  EXPRESS AUTHORITY provides details of the agent’s duties and responsibilities.,  INCIDENTAL AUTHORITY is to do things normally required to accomplish the specified acts accompanies express authority. 4

5. INSURANCE AGENTS  GENERAL AGENTS: have the authority fo bind their principal to insurance contracts.  SPECIAL OR SOLICITING AGENTS: have the authority to solicit.  The principal is bound to agent’s actions. IF agents go beyond the scope of thier authority, substantial legal issue may be present. 5

6. TWO FUNDAMENTAL DOCTRINES  1.Knowledge given the agent is considered knowledge provided the principal  2. Payment made to the agent is considered payment conveyed to the principal when there is actual authority. 6

7. INSURANCE BROKERS  An insurance broker is an agent with the limited to find an insurer willing to accept a transfer of the principal’s risk.  The principal is NOT the insurance company. 7

8. ADVANTEGES-DISADVANTEGES There is a possibility of both the principal on the broker do not pass along the facts to the insurer. There is a possibility of the fact that the insurance contract can be voided because of concelement of material facts. 8

9. BROKER  Broker can not bind insurer to contracts. Some brokers are licenced as agents and have the capacity to bind authority from a particular insurer. However, this is outlawed.  The duties fo principal are the same as agents. 9

10. BROKER  The broker earns a commission as a percentage of the premium charged the principal.  The Dillema: The principal’s choice would be served by the lower cost insurer but the broker’s interest would be met by the higer- cost insurer. 10

11. BROKER  The brokers are especially useful in commercial insurance. Business firms have unique properties or liablity exposures and require insurance contracts writtten to their ows specifications. 11

12. BROKERS 1. GENERAL BROKER 2. A SURPLUS LINES BROKER 3. A LLOYD’S AUTHORISED BROKER 12

13. INDEPENDENT AGENCY SYSTEM  They represent several different insurance companies.  The independent agent may place a client’s homeowner’s insurance with one company and the same client’s automobile insurance with another company.  They earn only commission. 13

14. EXCLUSIVE AGENT OR DIRECT WRITING SYSTEM  Insurers call property insurance companies selling insurance through thier own employee- agents direct writers.  Exclusive agents are not employees of the insurer but agree to place all their business with one insurer.  Direct writing agents are employees of one insurer. They are paid salaries plus commission or bonus. 14

15. LIFE INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS  Life insruance agent is under contract to one company.  Unlike the property agent representing the direct writer, however, life insurance agent is not technically an employee of the company.  A contract between general agent and insurance company that specifies the anouthority and rights. 15

16. LIFE INSURANCE AGENT`S DUTIES  Simply sell and provide information on insurance contract  Inform clients, motivate to take a specified course of action  Provide service before and after losses  Exercise judgement in selecting clients for insurance company  Must be familiar with social security and other government benefits 16

17. LOSS ADJUSTER(insurance investigator)  After a loss, the insured must notify the insurance company.  The notice represents a CLAIM for payment.  Before settling the claim, the insurer conduct an investigation.  Investigation is done by a LOSS ADJUSTER(claims auditor or claims agent) 17

18. Loss Adjuster  In property insurance, this investigation is very important where losses are partial or the damage is not clear.  Life insurers use loss adjusters to investigate some claims for accidental death benefits, disability income benefits and health insurance benefits.  Most of the work is done outside the office  In some cases only fire marshal`s report or police reports are needed. 18

19. LOSS ADJUSTER  Sometimes the adjuster may determine for a fact that fraud by an insured was involved in the loss. Such as faked accidents, business and vechile arsons etc.  Sometimes insured and adjuster cannot agree on the amount of the claim.  If the claim is denied and then the insured can hire a lawyer and sue the company for the breach of contract. 19

20. LOSS ADJUSTER  Insurance companies often use loss adjusters who are not their own employees.  They hire the services of an independent adjuster or an independent adjustment bureau.  Independent adjusters are hired when loss needs specialization.  Independent adjusters are agents of insurer, a public adjuster is an agent of the insured. 20

21. UNDERWRITER  Reviews applications for insurance and then either accepts them at an appropriate rate or rejects them  Makes decisiond based on criteria established by the company`s top management and personal experience and judgement.  Possibility of adverse selection 21

22. ACTUARY  An insurance company mathematician who complies statistics of losses, develops insurance rates, calculates dividends and evaluates the financial standing of the insurance company. 22