2. Colonial Regions New England Middle Southern Backcountry- ran along the Appalachian mountains English Colonies Population in North America: 1700: 257,000 1750: 1,170,000

3. Colonial Distinctions 1. New England: Long winters and rocky soil. English settlers were the largest group in the regions population. 2. Middle Colonies: Shorter winters and fertile soil. Attracted immigrants from all over Europe. 3. Southern: Warm climate and good soil. Some settlers used enslaved Africans to work plantations. 4. Backcountry: Climate and resources varied depending on latitude. Many Scots-Irish settled there.

4. NEW ENGLAND MASS-CT-NEW HAM- R.Island

5. Farms and Towns of New England Farming: Short growing season, rocky soil Subsistence farming- produced just enough food for themselves and sometimes a little extra to trade in town

6. Harvesting the Sea  Atlantic Ocean = Economic opportunities  Some of the worlds best fishing  Halibut, mackerel, cod, and various other fish.  The New England forests provided timber for shipbuilding  Coastal cities like, Boston, Salem, New Haven and Newport grew rich from shipbuilding, fishing, and trade.

7. Atlantic Trade  Three types of trade: 1. Trade with other colonies. 2. Direct Exchange of goods with Europe. 3. Triangular trade  Triangular trade- the transatlantic system of trade in which goods, including slaves, were exchanged between Africa, Europe, and the Americas.

8. Navigation Acts  Because New England made profits from trade, England wanted to receive part of those profits so England instituted the Navigation Acts. Navigation Acts- 1651 1. All shipping had to be done on English ships or ships made in the English colonies. 2. Products such as tobacco, wood, or sugar could be sold only to England or its colonies. 3. European imports to the colonies had to pass through English ports. 4. English officials were to tax any colonial goods not shipped to England.  Merchants ignored the acts: led to smuggling- importing or exporting goods illegally.  Also had trouble preventing pirates from interfering.

9. Middle Colonies NY-NJ-PENN-DELA.  Known as the “Breadbasket” because they grew cash crops like grain and corn.  Had many port cities—great for trade  The rivers were fast-moving and allowed for water-powered gristmills (where they made flour from the grains).  NYC and Philadelphia will grow and have advancements like cities in England  Buildings  Paved roads  Street lights

10. Southern Colonies Maryland-VA-GA-S.CAR-N.CAR  Warm climate and good soil= year round growing  Planter Class- wealthiest class in Southern society  Owned slaves and huge plantations  There weren’t a lot of them, but they controlled all of the politics in the South.  Slavery was used heavily in the South  Slaves rebelled in different ways:  Worked slower  Damaged goods  Armed rebellions/fighting (Stono Rebellion-  led to stricter slave laws)

11. Backcountry  Undeveloped area along the Appalachian Mountains  Settlers lived in small cabins and were constantly fighting with Native Americans