2.   Based on Freud  Through free-association, dreams, hypnosis etc., the therapist and patient can gain insight and express previously repressed feelings  Lying on the couch stereotype Psychoanalysis

3.   Also influenced by Freud  Focus on themes across relationships, including childhood experiences Psychodynamic therapy

4.   Maslow and Rodgers  Emphasizes people’s potential for self-growth  Self-awareness and self-acceptance  Focus on:  Present and future (rather than past)  Conscious thoughts (rather than unconscious)  Taking responsibility  Growth; “clients” instead of “patients” Humanistic Therapies

5.   Paraphrase  Invite Clarification  Reflect Feelings

6.   Focuses on removing troubling symptoms  Applies learning principles  Classical Conditioning  Counterconditioning  Exposure therapies  Systematic desensitization  Virtual reality  Aversive Conditioning Behavior Therapies

7.   Operant conditioning  Token economy  Assertiveness training

8.   Nonassertive Aggressive Assertive  Situation  1 B A C  2 A C B  3 C B A  4 B A C  5 C B A  6 A C B  7B A C  8C A B  9 B C A

9.   Our thinking influences our feelings  So to change our feelings…? Cognitive Therapies

10.   Kinda like it sounds Group and Family therapies

11.   Research  Meta-Analysis  Regression toward the mean Psychotherapy’s effectiveness

12.   Eye-movement  Bee stings  Trepanation  Light Exposure Alternative Therapies

13.   Hope  Perspective  Trusting, caring relationship Commonalities Among Therapies

14.   Antipsychotic drugs  Calmed patients  Block dopamine receptor sites (an excess of dopamine is related to schizophrenia) Drug Therapies

15.   Antianxiety drugs  Depress nervous system activity  Xanax

16.   Antidepressant drugs  Increase serotonin  Used to treat anxiety as well as depression  Aerobic exercise is usually as effective

17.   Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT)  Has brutal reputation but does work, especially in treating depression  Results in seizures and short-term memory loss Brain Stimulation

18.   Lobotomy Surgery

19.   Incidences of mental illness have been increasing. Is society to blame? Prevention of Psychological Disorders