1. Malaria – “Killer disease”
Adapted from:

2. Incidence and Distribution
Parasite - plasmodium (5 types) dependent on a host for food and shelter
Vector - Anopheles mosquito (72 types)
Reservoir - where the Anopheles breed in fresh water
Where the environment provides – water, vegetation, hot weather
At low altitudes

4. Risk Populations
Deaths mainly among the young in risk areas since immunity built up in older population
Highest death rates children under 5 years of age
Older people are susceptible when they move from one area and return after 6 or more months

5. Impact of Malaria

6. Impact of Malaria (contd.)
300 to 500 million clinical cases per year: 5 times as many as TB, AIDS, measles and leprosy combined.
A child dies of malaria every 30 seconds, according to the World Health Organization.
Disability results from severe form of the disease.
Major impact on human and economic development

7. Malaria is a transmissible disease
                                                                  
Malaria is a transmissible disease
Infected mosquito bites a human.
After release, a dormant version of malaria travels through the host’s blood stream, to be ingested by another mosquito to onfect a new host.
Parasite reaches the liver within 30 minutes.
The
Parasite starts
reproducing
rapidly in the liver.
(Some parasites lie dormant
and become activated years after initial infection)
Gets into blood stream, attaches and enters red blood cells where further reproduction occurs.
This repeating cycle depletes the body of oxygen and coincides with malaria’s fever and chills
Infected red blood cells burst, infecting other blood cells and starting the sequence again.

8. Signs and Symptoms
First symptoms generally appear after infection, these include:
High fever
Headache
Nausea
Vomiting
Pale and yellowish skin

9. Preventing Malaria
A single dose malaria vaccine has proven virtually impossible to develop since five species of Plasmodium can cause malaria;
Plasmodium falciparum (the most severe form)
Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium malariae (rarely fatal) and
Plasmodium knowlesi (can infect humans)
However…
Malaria vaccine could save millions…

10. Preventing Malaria (while a vaccine is being developed)
Skin cover
Use a repellent
Drain or screen standing water
Screens and bed-nets (ITNs)
Medication – Chemoprophylaxis

11. Developing an Anti-Malaria Poster
The theme of the poster is malaria prevention. Your goal is to communicate the five approaches in preventing malaria infections, to a population with a large percentage of illiterate persons.
 Areas of focus ;
Element
Mark
Title reflects content /3
Graphics and drawings are relevant and informative /5
Poster is neat, attractive, and draws the eye /7
Understanding of the approaches to malaria prevention.
/10