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Arthrology
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Arthrology Definition: Greek, (arthro= joint), (logos= science).
Arthrology is study of joints
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Joints Joints are places where two or more bones are connected
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Classification Based on Structure
Non movable Semi-moveable movable.
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Non Moveable Joints Bones connected by fibrous tissue No joint cavity
Skull Fibula - Tibia
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Skull (Sutures)
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Tibia – Fibula (Syndesmoses)
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Semi moveable joints The bones are connected by cartilage
There is no joint cavity Ribcage In between Vertebrae
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Ribcage
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In between Vertebrae
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Cartilage Soft bone Found in ear, nose and joints
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Synovial Joints Most movable joints in the body
There is a joint cavity. Cartilage covers the ends of the opposing bones) Ligaments keep bones together
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Synovial joint
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Arthritis
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Types of Moveable Joints
Ball and Socket Joint Allow for the most freedom of movement
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Types of Moveable Joints
Hinge joint allows movement in only one direction. Back and forth
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Types of Joints Pivot joint Allows rotation
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Types of Joints Saddle joint - Thumb
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Types of Moveable Joints
Condyloid joint One bone is slightly rounded and fits in the other one
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Types of Moveable Joints
Sliding or gliding joint - Two flat surfaces that slide over each other
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Types of Joints Joint Type Example Ball and Socket Hinge Saddle Pivot
Condyloid Gliding
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Basic Structure & General Anatomy
Articular capsule encloses joint cavity continuous with periosteum lined by synovial membrane Synovial fluid = slippery fluid; feeds cartilages Articular cartilage = hyaline cartilage covering the joint surfaces Articular discs and menisci jaw, wrist, sternoclavicular and knee joints absorbs shock, guides bone movements and distributes forces Tendon attaches muscle to bone Ligament attaches bone to bone
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Tendon Sheaths and Bursae
Bursa = saclike extension of joint capsule between nearby structures so slide more easily past each other Tendon sheaths = cylinders of connective tissue lined with synovial membrane and wrapped around a tendon
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Bursae and Tendon Sheaths
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Classification Based on Function
Synarthroses-immovable joints (sutures) Amphiarthroses- slightly movable joints( fibrous connection)( intervetebral discs) Diarthroses-freely movable joints( synovial) Synarthroses and amphiarthroses are largely restricted to the axial skeleton Diarthroses predominate in the limbs.
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Summary of Joint Classification
Structural Class Characteristics Types Mobility Fibrous Bones united by collagen fibers Suture Syndesmosis gomphosis Immobile (synarthrosis) Slightly moveable (amphiarthrosis) Immobile Cartilaginous Bone ends united by cartilage Synchondrosis (hyaline) Symphysis (fibrocartliage) Slightly moveable Synovial Bone ends covered with articular cartilage and enclosed within a capsule lined with a synovial membrane Plane Hinge Pivot Condyloid Saddle Ball and socket Freely moveable (diarthrosis) which depends on joint design
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