1. Network Science and Engineering Jeannette M. Wing Assistant Director Computer and Information Science and Engineering Directorate National Science Foundation NetSE Informational Meeting, Arlington, VA 5 September 2008 Credit Middleware Systems Research Group

2. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing2 Our Evolving Networks are Complex

3. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing3 1999 Our Evolving Networks are Complex 1980 1970

4. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing4 Our Evolving Networks are Complex 19991980 1970

5. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing5 Our Evolving Networks are Complex 19801999 1970

6. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing6 Our Evolving Networks are Complex 19801999 1970

7. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing7 1999 Our Evolving Networks are Complex 1980 1970

8. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing8 Fundamental Question: Is there a science for understanding the complexity of our networks such that we can engineer them to have predictable (or adaptable) behavior? Challenge to the Community Credit Middleware Systems Research Group

9. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing9 Drivers of Computing Science Technology Society

10. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing10 Network Science and Engineering: Fundamental Challenges Science Technology Society Enable new applications and new economies, while ensuring security and privacy Security, privacy, economics, AI, social science researchers Network science, comm’ns and information theory researchers Understand the complexity of large-scale networks Networking, distributed systems, optical, and wireless, researchers Develop new architectures, exploiting new substrates

11. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing11 Network Science and Engineering: Fundamental Challenges - Understand emergent behaviors, local–global interactions, system failures and/or degradations - Develop models that accurately predict and control network behaviors - Develop architectures for self-evolving, robust, manageable future networks - Develop design principles for seamless mobility support - Leverage optical and wireless substrates for reliability and performance - Understand the fundamental potential and limitations of technology - Design secure, survivable, persistent systems, especially when under attack - Understand technical, economic and legal design trade-offs, enable privacy protection - Explore AI-inspired and game-theoretic paradigms for resource and performance optimization Science Technology Society Enable new applications and new economies, while ensuring security and privacy Security, privacy, economics, AI, social science researchers Network science, comm’ns and information theory researchers Understand the complexity of large-scale networks Networking, distributed systems, optical, and wireless, researchers Develop new architectures, exploiting new substrates

12. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing12 Network Science and Engineering: Fundamental Challenges - Understand emergent behaviors, local–global interactions, system failures and/or degradations - Develop models that accurately predict and control network behaviors - Develop architectures for self-evolving, robust, manageable future networks - Develop design principles for seamless mobility support - Leverage optical and wireless substrates for reliability and performance - Understand the fundamental potential and limitations of technology - Design secure, survivable, persistent systems, especially when under attack - Understand technical, economic and legal design trade-offs, enable privacy protection - Explore AI-inspired and game-theoretic paradigms for resource and performance optimization Science Technology Society Enable new applications and new economies, while ensuring security and privacy Security, privacy, economics, AI, social science researchers Network science, comm’ns and information theory researchers Understand the complexity of large-scale networks Networking, distributed systems, optical, and wireless, researchers Develop new architectures, exploiting new substrates

13. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing13 Complexity Cuts Across Abstraction Layers A societal pull may demand technological innovation or scientific discovery –Society  Technology: tele-dancing –Society  Science: energy-efficient devices, privacy logics A technology push can lead to unanticipated societal uses –WWW to Google to YouTube/MySpace/FaceBook –Small and cheap sensors, palm-sized devices, RFID tags Implication to the broad community –Working outside your comfort zone Credit: Apple Credit: MONET Group at UIUC

14. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing14 A Fundamental Question Is there a science for understanding the complexity of our networks such that we can engineer them to have predictable (or adaptable) behavior?

15. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing15 Sources of Network Complexity Inherent –People: unpredictable at best, malicious at worst –Mother Nature: unpredictable, unforgiving, and disruptive Scale, in terms of –numbers of, sizes of, types of elements (e.g., users, nodes, connectors), and recursively, … of networks –distance and time, also at different scales Design –Mismatched interfaces, non-interoperability –Unanticipated uses and users –Violation of assumptions as environment or requirements change –Lack of requirements

16. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing16 Towards Predictable Behavior Behavior –Performance Usual: time and space, e.g., bandwidth, latency, storage New: power, … –Correctness Usual: safety and liveness New: resilience (to failure and attack), responsive –-ables Adaptable, evolvable, measurable, … –Quantifiable and qualitative measures Most importantly, our understanding of behavior must reflect the dynamic, evolving nature of our networks

17. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing17 Network Models (of the Past) Poisson, heavy-tail, self-similar, chaotic, fractal, butterfly effect, state machines, game theoretic, disease/viral, … –We know some are wrong or too crude –We are trying others –None consider all “usual” performance and/or correctness properties at once, let alone new ones –Composable models, e.g., per property, would be nice

18. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing18 Network Models (of the Future?) Maybe our networks are really different from anything anyone has ever seen (in nature) or built (by human) before –Implication: BRAND NEW THEORIES are needed! Is there a Complexity Theory for analyzing networks analogous to the complexity theory we have for analyzing algorithms? If we consider The Internet as a computer, what can be computed by such a machine? –Let’s call such computer a Network Machine, then much as we have a Universal Turing Machine, what is the equivalent of a Universal Network Machine? Could we build one? What is the Thermodynamics Theory of Complex Networks? [credit: J. Horning] –Thermodynamics deals with “bulk” properties of systems w/o explicitly considering the components Network “bulk” properties: congestion, stability, … –In contrast: Queueing theory for networks is akin to Statistical Mechanics for physics.

19. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing19 NetSE Community Effort Research agenda –Identifies fundamental questions to answer aka the “science story” –Drives a set of experiments to conduct to validate theories and models Experiments –Drives what infrastructure and facilities are needed Infrastructure could range from –Existing Internet, existing testbeds, federation of testbeds, something brand new (from small to large), federation of all of the above, to federation with international efforts

20. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing20 Feedback Loop Infrastructure Experiments Research Agenda

21. Why Are You Here Today?

22. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing22 Bringing the CISE Communities Together SING: Scientific Foundations for Internet’s Next Generation CCF: Networking theory community FIND: Future Internet Design CNS: Networking systems community NGNI: Next- Generation Networked Information IIS: Networking information systems and “applications” community

23. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing23 Bringing the CISE Communities Together SING: Scientific Foundations for Internet’s Next Generation CCF: Networking theory community FIND: Future Internet Design CNS: Networking systems community NGNI: Next- Generation Networked Information IIS: Networking information systems and “applications” community Network Science and Engineering and beyond, e.g., SBE, ENG, …

24. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing24 To Start Conversations Like scientist engineer application developer

25. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing25 To Start Conversations Like scientist engineer application developer If only the network could provide me with this information, then I could build this really cool application. To do that would cost you.

26. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing26 To Start Conversations Like scientist engineer application developer Let me tell you about my efficient content-based addressing scheme. Wow, then I could submit my search query to the network directly. What would that mean for Google?

27. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing27 To Start Conversations Like scientist engineer application developer Here’s my new protocol that guarantees X. Here’s why it won’t scale in practice.

28. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing28 To Start Conversations Like scientist engineer application developer Is it possible to do X?

29. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing29 To Start Conversations Like scientist engineer application developer It’s possible but only under.

30. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing30 To Start Conversations Like scientist engineer social scientist Look at what you can do with this cool virtual world technology! I wonder what positive and negative implications it will have on the way people will socialize?

31. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing31 To Start Conversations Like scientist engineer economist Let’s get rid of spam by charging to send email. Here’s an economic model that says why that won’t work.

32. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing32 CISE NetSE Program Think big, think boldly, think creatively, think out-of-the box We encourage multi-perspective/multi- disciplinary proposals –Theoretical, experimental, application/user-driven problems –Computer science, communications, information theory, economics, social sciences, …

33. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing33 Today Goal 1: Find out more about the CISE NetSE program. Goal 2: Find out more about NetSE community efforts (NetSE Council, NetSE workshops, GPO, …) Goal 3: Start building bridges, collaborations, … Advice: Be open-minded –Listen to each other –Learn new perspectives

34. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing34 NSF’s Role in the A-I-G Ecosystem Government Industry Academia Stewardship: Train and educate the next-generation of scientists and engineers and ensure the vibrancy of the field. Mission: To advance the frontiers of science and engineering Infrastructure: Ensure scientists and engineers have the best tools and instruments to advance state-of-the art. Discovery and Innovation: Perform basic, long-term research to deepen and broaden our understanding of fundamental knowledge and impact on society.

35. Thank you!

36. Network Science and EngineeringJeannette M. Wing36 Credits Copyrighted material used under Fair Use. If you are the copyright holder and believe your material has been used unfairly, or if you have any suggestions, feedback, or support, please contact: jsoleil@nsf.gov Except where otherwise indicated, permission is granted to copy, distribute, and/or modify all images in this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation license, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation license” (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:GNU_Free_Documentation_License)http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:GNU_Free_Documentation_License