1. Diseases

2. Ulcers
When the protective mucous lining of the stomach breaks down, cell membrane is exposed to HCl and pepsin
Destruction of cell membrane leads to peptic ulcer
Under this layer of cells is a capillary network
Acids irritate the cells of stomach lining  increase in blood flow and acid secretions
More BF and AS, more tissue is burned, reaction gets stronger
Most ulcers linked to bacterium Heliobacter pylori
Diet, stress, and other factors may still play a role

3. Irritable Bowel Diseases
Irritable bowel syndrome
Cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea
Does not permanently harm intestines or cause cancer
Ulcerative colitis
Causes inflammation and ulcers in the top layer of the lining of the large intestine

4. Crohn’s disease
Most common sites of inflammation are the ileum (lower part of small intestine) and colon (large intestine)
This swelling causes pain and makes the intestines empty frequently
Inflammation may occur at all layers of intestine
Normal, healthy bowel may be found between sections of diseased bowel

5. Gall stones
When cholesterol crystals precipitate to form larger crystals
Gall stones can block the bile duct, impairing fat digestion and causing considerable pain
Feces changes to a grey-white colour

6. Liver disease Liver disease affects 1/10 Canadians
The first Canadian liver transplant took place in 1970
No absolute cure for liver disease
It’s the only transplanted organ that can regenerate itself, thus making it possible for one person to donate part of their liver to another person
Jaundice
When skin and other tissues turn yellow
Characteristic of liver disease

7. Cirrhosis
Harmful chemicals, like alcohol, are made soluble to be dissolved in blood and eliminated in urine
Alcohol is broken down to usable materials and wastes
Alcohol will destroy liver tissue in large quantities
Damaged liver cells are replaced by non-functioning connective tissue and fat  can’t carry out regular liver duties
It can also result from nutritional deprivation or infection