1. Technical Writing II ChE 477 (UO Lab) Lecture 7 Larry Baxter, William Hecker, & Ron Terry Brigham Young University

2. General Outline Introduction Mechanics –Outlines –Paragraphs Punctuation, grammar –Variety of common grammatical errors –Colons, dashes, etc. Style –Concise writing –Active vs. Passive structures –Tense

3. Less Is More Wordiness represents a constant challenge Concise sentences and terms have more impact and hold interest Concise writing generally requires significant rewriting

4. Eliminate Excess Baggage Useless phrases. –There was an increase in temperature. –The temperature increased (changed from 75 to 100 ºC). Redundant words. –The time-temperature history of the particle. –The particle temperature history.

5. Use Prepositions Sparsely Non-essential relative clauses –The wires that come from the thermocouple that is in the distillation column require rerouting. –The distillation column thermocouple leads require rerouting. Unnecessary prepositions –The reading of the temperature meter for the hot tank was 214 °C. –The hot tank temperature meter read 214 °C.

6. Focus on Essential Information Empty Prepositional Phrases –Students are required by the university to make payments of their fees at the time of registration. –University students are required to pay registration fees. Vagueness –Many students feel anxiety stress when they find themselves in a testing situation. –Exams make many students nervous (or anxious).

7. Brevity has More Impact Unnecessary qualifiers –It should be noted that the reactor was hot. –The reactor was hot. Indirect references –The professor in my section of the Unit Operations Laboratory class wears odd ties. –Br. Baxter wears odd ties.

8. General Guidelines Be direct. Be specific. Use active voice and present tense whenever possible.

9. Terminal Prepositions Ending with Prepositions –The computer did not know where the signal was at. –The computer did not know where the signal was. (The computer could not sense the signal.) –We did not know who to give report to. –We did not know to whom the report should be given.

10. Use Hyphens Correctly The high-temperature tank ruptured. The twenty-five-dollar hammer. The blue-green car wrecked. OR The car that wrecked was blue green. The in situ analysis indicated poor mixing.

11. Perform a Which Hunt The pump which malfunctioned had a bad seal. The pump that malfunctioned had a bad seal. German, which language I speak, has many (six I believe) words for “you.”

12. Case and Tense Matter The assignment came to me and my partner (not my partner and I). The data fit a straight line and are consistent with first-order kinetics. My instructor told me he was most impressed. The two major contributors were my partner and I (not me and my partner). The author of this report was I (not me).

13. Avoid Split Infinitives The coal was able to barely burn. The coal was barely able to burn. The tank was too cold for the reaction to significantly proceed. The tank was too cold for the reaction to proceed significantly.

14. Some Reference Books Grossman, John, 1993, The Chicago Manual of Style : The Essential Guide for Writers, Editors, and Publishers (14th Edition), 921 pages Strunk, W. Strunk Jr., E. B. White, “The Elements of Style,” 4 th Edition, 2000 Turabian, K., “A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations,” 1996