1. Page 693 – 716 In Stearns Unit: 1914 - Present Major Developments: #3: New Patterns of Nationalism (fascism) Authoritarian Regimes Title: Fascism and Authoritarian Regimes Objective: You will be able to describe the nature of fascism and its appeal What is fascism? What are the characteristics of fascism? What countries adopted fascism in the 1920s and 1930s? Why would people vote for fascist leaders?

2. Primary Source Corner “Our strength lies in our quickness and in our brutality; Genghis Khan has sent millions of women and children into death knowingly and with a light heart. History sees in him only the great founder of States. As to what the weak Western European civilisation asserts about me, that is of no account. I have given the command and I shall shoot everyone who utters one word of criticism, for the goal to be obtained in the war is not that of reaching certain lines but of physically demolishing the opponent. Only thus we can gain the living space that we need. Who after all is today speaking about the destruction of the Armenians?” - Adolf Hitler, 1939 1.Why is Hitler comparing himself to Genghis Khan? What is he saying about how history views certain leaders? 2.Do you think this is a strong argument? Why or why not?

3. What is fascism?  An example of totalitarianism (when the government reserves the right to regulate every aspect of a person’s life)  a political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, glorification of war, denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one party rule.

4. What are the characteristics of fascism?  Country, or race is above the individual; all loyalty to the state  Celebrates rebirth or purification of a people or country  Elevated belief in more defined morality or spirituality  Intolerance towards people within population who are different  Celebrates traditional gender roles

5. What are the characteristics of fascism?  Male supremacy is important  Simple, common language (academic language is mocked)  The will of the people=the will of the fascists (they cannot be wrong)

6. What countries adopted fascism in the 1920s and 1930s?  Italy (Benito Mussolini)  Germany (Adolf Hitler)  Japan (Showa period, Emperor Hirohito)  Spain (Francisco Franco)

7. Why would people vote for fascist leaders?  Lingering disappointment from WWI  Rising unemployment and economic chaos  Upper classes feared a Communist takeover  Need for change, fascist leaders claim they will bring needed change

8. Rise of Fascism Fascism – a political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, glorification of war, denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one party rule. Fascism – a political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, glorification of war, denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one party rule. In the 1920’s and 1930’s, fascists took power in many countries: In the 1920’s and 1930’s, fascists took power in many countries: Italy Italy Germany Germany Japan Japan Spain Spain Nazism : A German brand of fascism Nazism : A German brand of fascism Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power in Germany in 1933. They quickly took over all aspects of German society. Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power in Germany in 1933. They quickly took over all aspects of German society. Why did fascism gain so much popularity? Why did fascism gain so much popularity? Lingering disappointment from WWI Lingering disappointment from WWI Rising unemployment and economic chaos Rising unemployment and economic chaos Upper classes feared a Communist takeover Upper classes feared a Communist takeover

9. What symbols are used? What do they represent? Message (what are the main ideas?) How is the leader portrayed? What elements of fascism are represented? Japan (Hirohito) Germany (Hitler) Italy (Mussolini) Spain (Franco)