1. ITALY, GERMANY, SPAIN

2. FascismBothCommunism Believe in social classesDictatorsWant classless society NationalistsOne-party politicsInternationalists No individual rights Strong nationalistic feelings

3.  Definition: a political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party rule

4. Reasons for Rise  Economic distress  Fear of Communism  Appeal to nationalism  Weak government No democratic tradition

5.  Fascism begins in Italy under the leadership of Benito Mussolini  Focuses on loyalty to country and leaders  Eventually spreads to other countries Spain: Francisco Franco Germany: Adolf Hitler

6.  “Il Duce” = the leader  Abolished democracy  Secret police galore  Created a model Fascist State

7. Militaristic Expansion  Desire to create colonial empire Invaded:  Ethiopia (1935)  Albania (1939) The League of Nations  Condemned Italy’s actions  but didn’t do anything to stop it.

8. The Rise of Adolf Hitler

9.  National Socialist German Workers’ Party Swastika for a symbol Brownshirts = storm troopers (militia, not star wars)  Hitler became der Führer of NAZI party  Attempted coup failed Lesson learned: Had to take power legally

10.  Hitler imprisoned for treason Wrote book Mein Kampf (My Struggle)  Germans were master race (called them “Aryans”)  Non Aryans were inferior  Vowed to reverse the Treaty of Versailles  Conquer eastern Europe and Russia Gain “lebensraum” or “living space”

11.  During depression, Hitler rose in prestige and prominence Widespread fear of communism  President appointed Hitler chancellor  Hitler asked for dictatorial powers for 4 years

12.  Banned all other political parties  SS (schutzstaffel)- elite military force loyal only to Hitler  Gestapo = secret police  Took control of economy  Propaganda  Book burning  Hitler Youth and League of German Girls

13.  Targeted the Jewish population for failure in WWI  Anti-Semitism already engrained in German (and all European) society  Deprived Jews of their rights  Kristallnacht- “Night of the Broken Glass” Attack on Jewish owned businesses A “pogrom”- gov’t sponsored violence against Jews

14. German Expansion- Today Germany Tomorrow the World!  1935- began rebuilding military  1936- took the Rhineland  1938- Anschluss  1938- Munich Conference Germany, French, and British leaders met to discuss the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia GB & F said G could have Sudetenland if Hitler promised not to invade Czechoslovakia Policy of appeasement  1939- took Czechoslovakia  1939- invaded Poland, start of WWII

15. Rise of Japanese Militarism  1920’s- government struggled  Depression hit Japan hard Relied on exports to foreign nations Drought which led to extreme famine Government efforts to boost economy  Spent less on the military

16.  Right-winged military leaders mad  Throughout the 1930’s a series of militaristic Prime Ministers Hideki Tojo  Extreme nationalism Belief in “chosen-ness” of Japanese people Asia should be dominated by the “superior” Japanese “Asia for Asians”- anti-European Imperialism  Belief that Emperor is god on Earth Emperor had little political power

17.  Desire to save economy by foreign expansion  1931- Japan invaded Manchuria Sought resources  Iron and coal  1937- Japan invaded China