1. Does the world have a carrying capacity for the human population? If so, what is it? How long until we reach it? Or have we already overshot it? What will be our “limiting factor”?

2. Billions 1234567 Year 1805192719601974198719992011 # of years 250,000 12333141312 The amount of time to reach each “billion” milestone has been decreasing, but now appears to be leveling off

4. What main factors affected human population growth in early civilization? Changes in natural environment

5. What were some major events that allowed the human growth rate to increase so dramatically? Inventions in farming, technology, and transportation Better sanitation Antibiotics

6. Are all countries growing at the same rate? The growth rates are different among countries Birthrates, death rates, and age structures of populations are different Scientific study of human populations = demography Highest growth rate = India

7. How does the birthrate of a developed country differ from that of a developing country? Developed countries = Lower birthrates Ex: USA, Japan, Europe Developing countries = Higher birthrates Ex: Latin America, Africa India and China are both undergoing intense population control efforts

8. Countries with overall low birth and death rates have stable populations Countries that have high birth/death rates are in demographic transition

9. Africa’s fertility rate – 5 births/female Since 1960 –African population = tripled –Asian, Latin America and the Caribbean population = doubled –US has only grown by 50% –Europe by only 20%

10. Age structure diagrams

11. How does the age structure of a population affect its growth rate? In the US- age structure more rectangular Developing countries are pyramidal Population is dominated by young people What happens as females at the bottom of the pyramid move up to reproductive age?

12. Why is the exponential growth of the human population considered a “success”? It shows advances in medicine, food distribution and food production People are living longer

13. How is this rapid growth dangerous? Increased environmental destruction Shortage of natural resources Water, food, and energy shortage

14. Americans make up 5% of the global population (300 million), yet we use 25% of the world’s energy

15. Scientists have identified 9 “planetary boundaries” – limits that humans must not cross, otherwise the natural systems of the planet may be in jeopardy –Climate change –Arable land (farmland) –Biodiversity loss –Chemical pollution –Nitrogen and phosphorus cycles –Ocean acidification –Freshwater use

16. Exponential? Or going into logistic?

17. Is the human growth rate speeding up or slowing down? Is Earth at it’s carrying capacity? How long until we reach carrying capacity? What limiting factors will affect us the most? What will we run out of first?