1. Autonomic Nervous System Period 5 Jacquelene Hanein, Karina Guerrero, Martha Kwon

2. Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System
Processing center of nervous system
Receives and sends info to PNS
Made up of brain and spinal cord
Cannot heal itself
Connects CNS to organs in body
Carries signals from the CNS
Made up of two different types of cells (sensory/motor nervous cells)
Can heal itself

3. Central Nervous System
Lobes and Hemispheres
Brain: control system of body
Forebrain:
Thalamus + hypothalamus
Cerebrum
Cerebral Cortex

4. Central NS Cont. Midbrain Hindbrain
5 parts of the brain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
Pons: connects cerebral cortex to medulla oblongata
Cerebellum: motor movement coordination, balance/equilibrium, muscle tone
Medulla Oblongata: controls autonomic functions like breathing, digestion, circulatory system function, swallowing, sneezing

5. Central NS Cont. Brainstem: connects cerebrum with spinal cord
relay of motor/sensory signals between brain and spinal cord
Controls life supporting autonomic functions of PNS
Spinal Cord

6. Peripheral Nervous System
The motor nervous system can be separated into two nervous systems
Autonomic nervous system
Parasympathetic division
Sympathetic Division
Somatic nervous system
Cranial Nerves: connect the upper body and head
Spinal Nerves: connect the rest of the body

7. Reflex Arc neural pathway that controls an action reflex
Reflex action occurs:
involuntary, almost instantaneous
sensory neurons synapse at the spinal cord
Nerve impulses enter sensory neuron
Impulse allows afferent
neurons to connect with
motor neurons
to reach effectors and
initiate reflex

8. Reflex Arc: Autonomic arc
affects internal organs
ex) peristaltic contraction of smooth muscle of intestines

9. Reflex Arc: Somatic Arc
affects muscles
ex) knee jerk tests that a doctor gives

10. In the ANS there are two neuron efferent pathways:
Reflex Arc
In the ANS there are two neuron efferent pathways:
Preganglionic neuron has to synapse into the postganglionic neuron before stimulating the organ.
Preganglionic neuron= ACh
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons= shorter with more synapses than parasympathetic
Postganglionic neurons= norepinephrine
Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons= ACh

11. Organization of ANS CNS + PNS = ANS
Parasympathetic neurons: sacral region in spinal cord + medulla oblongata, pons, brainstem, midbrain
Sympathetic neurons: body of spinal cord

12. Neurotransmitters Preganglionic Neurons Both cholinergic
Postganglionic Neurons
Cholinergic vs Adrenergic
***some sympathetic neurons
can be cholinergic
(i.e. sweat glands, skin)

13. Receptors If Cholinergic… muscarinic receptors nicotinic receptors
If Adrenergic…
alpha receptor
beta receptor

14. Termination of Neurotransmitters
ACh broken down by AChE
Norepinephrine deactivated by monoamine oxidase

15. Regulation of ANS Control centers in medulla oblongata
cardiac, vasomotor, respiratory
Hypothalamus
regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, ion balance
Limbic System & Cerebral Cortex
emotional stress

16. Bibliography
Klabunde, Richard E. "Adrenergic and Cholinergic Receptors in Blood Vessels." CV Physiology:. Richard E. Klabunde, PhD, 23 Apr Web. 22 Apr
Klabunde, Richard E. "Autonomic Ganglia." CV Pharmacology. Richard E. Klabunde, PhD, 27 Jan Web. 22 Apr
Shier, David, Jackie Butler, and Ricki Lewis. "The Nervous System." Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology. Eleventh Edition ed. New York: McGrawHill Higher Education, Print.
Upchurch, Jim. "Receptors and the Autonomic Nervous System." Receptors and the Autonomic Nervous System. EMS1, 12 Oct Web. 22 Apr
"What Are Neurotransmitters?" What Are Neurotransmitters? Web. 22 Apr <
"Cerebral Cortex." MedicineNet. Web. 22 Apr <