1. The Nervous System & operation
The mind is a terrible thing to waste.

2. Central Nervous System
Brain & Spinal Cord
Made of Association neurons (Interneuron) –integrate messages

3. Peripheral nervous system
Made of nerves outside the central nervous system
Receptor neurons -receive stimuli
Sensory neurons -send impulses along the sensory neurons to the brain or spinal cord.
Motor neurons - send impulses from the brain to muscles or glands.

4. Basic unit of the nervous system
Neuron - its parts and functions
Cell body
Axon
Dendrite
Myelin sheath
Axon terminal buttons

6. Different Neurons have a different threshold (critical level)
Once the neuron reached its critical level it fires all of the way.

7. Impulse Transmission down a Neuron
Electrochemical change in membrane permeability to sodium ions
Resting-polarized
Depolarized-stimulated
Repolarized- sodium pump out

8. Synapse operation
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are released into the synapse
Ex. Acetylcholine is released by the Axon and stimulated the dendrite to become permeable to sodium.
Cholinesterase is the enzyme that destroys Acetylcholine.

10. Reflex Arc
The impulse travels only as far as the spinal cord then to the motor neuron contracting a muscle

11. Nerve pathway

12. Nerve toxins
These chemicals bind to synapse enzymes and inhibit their function-what is the result?

13. Man Arrested Planning To Lick Hallucinogenic Toad
6:09pm UK, Thursday November 15, 2007
A man in Missouri has been arrested for possession of a hallucinogenic toad.Police in Kansas City say David Theiss planned to get high by licking the Colorado River Toad's venom glands.
                                             
Far out: a Colorado river toad
The 21-year-old is accused of possessing the toad "with the intention of using it as a hallucinogen".
They said that many pet shops in the area do not stock the animal because the venom can make people sick and can kill household pets.
Animal expert Danny Snyder told US station KMBC: "People used to do it all the time but it got faded out awhile, but came back as a fad. Not a smart one."
Authorities in Clay County said it was the first time they had dealt with such a drugs bust.
Theiss was released on bail.
The toad was kept in custody at a police crime lab, authorities said.

14. Brain –protective covering
Meninges three layers that provide protection and nutrition to the brain
Outer- dura mater
Middle- Arachnoid mater
Inner- pia mater
Cerebrospinal fluid- shock absorber

15. Brain parts and functions
Cerebrum -85% of the brain’s weight-thinking, memorizing, decision making
Cerebral cortex- voluntary movements , intelligence, sensory areas- interprets

16. Cerebellum
Coordinated motor activity and balance

17. Medulla oblongata Brain stem- controls vital functions Respiration
Heart rate
Blood pressure

18. Brain parts and functions
Thalamus sends sensory impulses to the brain
Hypothalamus- controls thirst, hunger, pleasure center, behavior, digestion. “Master gland” (electrical & chemical)

19. Autonomic Nervous System
Involuntary –can’t control
Sympathetic NS- used in times of stress- accelerator
Parasympathetic NS –used to bring the system back to a peaceful state

20. QUESTIONS (checking for understanding)
Explain what would happen if the sodium pumps were poisoned.
What does ‘all or nothing’ mean?
Know the Neuron - its parts and functions

21. QUESTIONS (checking for understanding)
Name the types of neurons that are in the human body. What is the function of each type?
How does a simple reflex arc work?
What is true of a “resting” potential?
What is the function of Schwann cells and electrical synapses?

22. QUESTIONS (checking for understanding)
How would you describe a nerve impulse?
Where are vesicles that contain neurotransmitters located?
In which direction do sodium pumps, pump sodium?
How does the Somatic differ from the Autonomic nervous system?

23. QUESTIONS (checking for understanding)
Describe the function of the following brain structures:
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata
Hypothalamus
Name the three parts of the meninges and give the function of each.