1. Nervous System

2. Root Words

3. Neurons Units of nervous system that transmits information in the form of electrochemical changes

4. Dendrites: Receive electrochemical signals

5. Axons: Extensions that send information

6. Dendrites: Receive electrochemical signals Axons: Extensions that send information Synapse: The junction between two communicating neurons

7. Dendrites: Receive electrochemical signals Axons: Extensions that send information Synapse: The junction between two communicating neurons Myelin Sheaths: Fatty coating around Axon that insulates and increases rate of transition

8. Central Nervous System (CNS)

9. Consisting of Brain and Spinal cord

10. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

11. Consists of peripheral nerves that sends message back to CNS

12. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Consists of peripheral nerves that sends message back to CNS 2 parts: SomaticAutonomic

13. Somatic Nervous System Part of the PNS that is responsible for nearly all voluntary muscle movement

14. Somatic Nervous System Part of the PNS that is responsible for nearly all voluntary muscle movement Exception: Reflexes

15. Autonomic Nervous System Part of the PNS that regulates the functions of internal organs such as the heart, stomach and intestines.

16. Autonomic Nervous System Part of the PNS that regulates the functions of internal organs such as the heart, stomach and intestines. 2 parts: Sympathetic Nervous System Parasympathetic Nervous System

17. Sympathetic Nervous System Part of the Autonomic system that is responsible for “Fight or Flight” Works by increasing heart rate and blood pressure, and slows down unnecessary systems Often animals will soil themselves when fighting or scared Often animals will soil themselves when fighting or scared

18. Parasympathetic Nervous System Part of the Autonomic System that is responsible for “Rest and Digest” Lowers blood pressure, heart rate and works to save energy

19. Multipolar Neurons Contains many processes (dendrites) and only one axon. Found mostly in the brain and spinal cord

20. Bipolar Neurons Contains only two processes, one axon, one dendrite Found in eyes, nose, ears

21. Unipolar Neurons Contains only one process. Located just outside the brain or spinal cord.

22. Brain Teaser A H I M N O T U V W Which of the letters above does not belong with the rest? N It is not a mirror-image of itself

23. Resting Potential When a nerve cell is undisturbed, the membrane remains in a polarized state (Always negative inside)

24. Threshold Potential Approximately -55 millivolts, a level, when reached, will result in an action potential, sending a neural signal.

25. Action Potential Sodium ions (NA +) and Potassium ions (K+) diffuse in and out of the neuron, creating a rapid sequence of depolarization and repolarization.

26. Anatomy of the Brain Cerebrum : largest part of human brain - Responsible for: - Responsible for: - Thought - Thought - Language - Language - Senses - Senses - Memory - Memory - Voluntary movement - Voluntary movement

27. Anatomy of the Brain Cerebellum : at base of brain -Responsible for: - Muscle coordination - Muscle coordination - Balance - Balance - Posture - Posture

28. Anatomy of the Brain Brain Stem : connects brain to spinal cord -Responsible for: - Breathing - Breathing - Swallowing - Swallowing - Heartbeat - Heartbeat - Blood pressure - Blood pressure

29. Brain Teaser There is a town where 5% of all the people living there have unlisted phone numbers. If you selected 100 names at random from the town’s phone directory, on average, how many of these people would have unlisted phone numbers? 0 They would not be in the phone book if their number was unlisted

30. Problems of the Nervous System Concussion A temporary disturbance of the brain’s ability to function due to a hard blow to the head

31. Paralysis A loss of sensation and movement of part of the body due to an injury of the spinal cord or brain

32. Parkinson’s Disease The brain does not produce enough of the neurotransmitter that transmits messages from the brain to the muscles Symptoms: tremors, rigid muscles, shuffling walk, and loss of facial expression Red areas show where chemical is stored

33. Alzheimer’s Disease A gradual shrinking of the neurons in the cerebrum Symptoms: memory loss, emotional disturbances, inability to function on own, death

34. Epilepsy Abnormal transmission of messages between the neurons in the brain Symptoms: seizures