1. Urinary System Kidneys Ureters bean shaped
more than 1 million nephrons
filter excess fluid and waste products
produce urine
Ureters
tubes
carry urine to urinary bladder

2. Urinary System Urinary bladder Urethra holds urine until excreted
patient urinates or “voids”
void means “to empty”
urge to void occurs when cc in bladder
Urethra
female 1 to 1 1/2 “; male 6 to 8”
opening is called meatus

3. Urinary System Functions helps to regulate balance of salt and water
produces urine
1000 to 1500 cc per day
1000 cc in a quart or a liter
if a diuretic (“water pill”) is taken, patient will have increased output

4. Urinary System Urine liquid waste product 96% water
4% solutes (various salts, urea, creatinine, uric acid)
should not contain
glucose
pus
albumin
blood

5. Urinary System Urine output Characteristics of normal urine
60 to 120 cc per hour is normal
less than 30 cc per hour is abnormal
greater than 2000 cc per day is called polyuria
Characteristics of normal urine
clear
pale yellow color
mild odor

6. Urinary System Urinary incontinence
patient is unable to control the passage of urine from the bladder
varies
a constant dribble
a dribble when the patient sneezes, laughs, coughs
no control at all

7. Urinary System Some causes of urinary incontinence aging confusion
medications
urinary tract infection
spinal cord injury

8. Catheters Indwelling catheter Straight catheter
made to stay in bladder for a period of time
also called retention catheter
most common type is Foley catheter
Straight catheter
made to drain the urine from the bladder and then be removed
can be called “in and out” cath

9. Catheters Sizes of catheters vary French system is used
French is a measurement of the inside diameter of the catheter
the bigger the number, the bigger the catheter
14 Fr Fr Fr.
Balloon for retention catheter may be 5 cc or cc.

10. Catheter Care Use of soap and water
remove any blood or encrustations
No powders or sprays unless ordered
Prevent pulling on the catheter
anchor the cath to prevent movement of the catheter and the resulting irritation
use of Statlock Foley

11. Tips about Catheters Maintain good urine flow Monitor the patient
bag below level of bladder
no kinks or loops of tubing
drink 2-3 quarts of fluid daily
cranberry is preferred because it makes the urine acidic
Monitor the patient

12. Tips about Catheters Removal of Foley
after removal, be sure that patient is voiding
measure the amount of each voiding
use of medicine cup for very small amounts
patient is usually given 6 hours after Foley removal to void or new catheter is inserted

13. Condom Catheters
Purpose -- to provide urinary drainage when an indwelling catheter is not desired or needed
Used for males only
Check q4h for edema of penis or twisting of catheter
Remove and replace daily with a new condom catheter
Texas catheter