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Published byLindsey Burke Modified over 9 years ago
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Adding Decibels
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Speed of Sound in Water Depth Salinity Pressure Temperature Medium Effects: Elasticity and Density Salinity Pressure Temperature Variable Effects of:
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Speed of Sound Factors Temperature Pressure or Depth Salinity
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Temperature, Pressure, and Salinity
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Class Sound Speed Data
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More Curve Fitting Chen and Millero Leroy
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Expendable Bathythermograph LAUNCHER RECORDER Wire Spool Thermistor PROBE (XBT) Canister Loading Breech Terminal Board Stantion Launcher Recorder Cable (4-wire shielded) Alternating Current PowerCable (3-wire) Optional Equipment Depth/Temperature Chart Canister Loading Breech
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Typical Deep Ocean Sound Velocity Profile (SVP) Typical Deep Ocean Sound Velocity Profile (SVP) Sonic Layer Depth (LD) Deep Sound Channel Axis T P C
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Refraction A B D E High c 1 Low c 2
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Multiple Boundary Layers 12341234 11 22 33 44 where c 1 2 > 3 > 4 12341234 12341234 c 1 c 2 c 3 c 4 depthdepth
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Simple Ray Theory z c (c,z) (c 1,z 1 ) Snell’s Law
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Ray Theory Geometry Positive gradient, g z1z1 z2z2 x1x1 x2x2 c1c1 c2c2 11 22 R
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The z (Depth) and x (Range) Directions I =20 c surface =1500 m/s z x
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The z (Depth) and x (Range) Directions I =20 c surface =1500 m/s z x
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Why is R = Radius? Positive gradient, g z1z1 z2z2 x1x1 x2x2 c1c1 c2c2 11 22 R 11
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Summary Positive gradient, g z1z1 z2z2 x1x1 x2x2 c1c1 c2c2 11 22 R
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Negative Gradient Negative gradient, g z1z1 z2z2 x1x1 x2x2 c1c1 c2c2 11 22 R
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Example 1 Given: c 1 = 964 m/s, c 2 = 1299 m/s, 2 = 30 o z(between 1 and 0) = 3000m Find: 1, c o, g (between pt 1 and 0), R c0c0 11 22 00 c1c1 c2c2
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Example 2 Find gradient, g Find Radius of Curvature, R, for each ray. Skip distance – i.e. the distance until the ray hits the surface again Max depth reached by each ray I =20 II =30 c surface =1500 m/s c 100 m =1510 m/s
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Backups
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Slope = tan x1x1 z1z1 z2z2 x2x2
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