1. 171 PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP Workshop Agenda Model Overview Model history and features Computational method Trajectories versus concentration Code installation Model operation Example calculations Updating HYSPLIT Meteorological Data Data requirements Forecast data FTP access Analysis data FTP access Display grid domain Vertical profile Contour data Examples 1-5 Particle Trajectory Methods Trajectory computational method Trajectory example calculation trajectory model configuration Trajectory error Multiple trajectories Terrain height Meteorological analysis along a trajectory Vertical motion options Pollutant Plume Simulations Modeling particles or puffs Concentration prediction equations Turbulence equations Dispersion model configuration Defining multiple sources Simulations using emission grids Concentration and particle display options Converting concentration data to text files Example local scale dispersion calculation Special Topics Automated trajectory calculations Trajectory cluster analysis Concentration ensembles Chemistry conversion modules Pollutant deposition Source attribution using back trajectory analysis Source attribution using source-receptor matrices Source attribution functions GIS Shapefile output KML/KMZ output Customizing map labels Scripting for automated operations Extra Topics Modeling PM10 emissions from dust storms Restarting the model from a particle dump file

2. Modeling PM 10 emissions from dust storms HYSPLIT contains a PM 10 emission algorithm that will emit particles from grid-cells with a desert land-use classification and a friction velocity that exceeds a certain threshold value. (More detail on this approach can be found in the on-line HYSPLIT references.) To set up the model for such a simulation, an approach similar to the matrix configuration is employed. Set up two starting locations representing the domain limits over which dust will be emitted and set a third to represent the grid resolution. For this example, we will run the model for a region over North Africa in late February of 2000, during one of the largest dust storms ever captured by the SeeWiFS satellite (26 Feb 2000, 28 Feb 2000).largest dust stormsSeeWiFS26 Feb 200028 Feb 2000 172 PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP

3. Modeling PM 10 emissions from dust storms Set up the model to run for the 3 locations at right, starting at 0000 UTC 23 February 2000, for a duration of 4 days (96 hrs). Use the FNLDUST.bin archive data and set the concentration grid resolution to 0.2 degrees and the span to 50.0 lat. and 100.0 lon. to speed up the calculation. The emission duration should be set to 1 unit/hr for 48 hours and set the model to output a snapshot after 24 hours between the ground and 100 m-agl. 173 PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP

4. Modeling PM 10 emissions from dust storms The initial CONTROL file will only have 3 starting locations.initial CONTROL file From the Advanced / Configuration Setup / Concentration / In-line Chemical CONVERSION MODULES menu, set the conversion module to Enable the PM10 dust storm emission algorithm for desert landuse. Also, output a particle dump file after 96 hours and set the model type to 500 3D particle horizontal and vertical in the Advanced / Configuration Setup / Concentration menu. The particle dump output file will also be used in the next example. Save the configuration and go to the next slide. 174 PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP

5. Modeling PM 10 emissions from dust storms The HYSPLIT dust model is run from the Run Dust Storm tab of the Concentration / Special Runs menu. This causes the execution of a pre-processor that writes out the value of all the desert land-use locations to the CONTROL file that will be used for the simulation.CONTROL Only grid cells where the friction velocity exceeds the threshold value will emit dust particles. Upon completion of the simulation use the Particle Display program to show the dust distribution (lower left), which is very similar to the satellite image from the 26 th (lower right). 175 PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP

6. Restarting the model from a particle dump file The Particle Editor / Edit / View tab from the Advanced menu has several built- in functions. In addition to viewing the particles from the particle dump file, it can also be used to move those particles to a different location, and then re-write the file. The model simulation can then be restarted from the adjusted particle dump file from the configuration menu, which can be useful if the forecast did not position the particles in the location observed and you want to start the next day's forecast from where they were observed. The menu opens a blank map with several buttons across the top. Selecting File opens the particle dump file (default is the last created particle dump file). 176 PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP

7. Restarting the model from a particle dump file In this example, choose the PARDUMP file created in the dust storm example. Particle densities are shown at one-degree resolution. Zoom the image by selecting Zoom from the Edit drop-down menu. Select a box around the area of interest with the left mouse button and release to zoom. 177 PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP

8. Restarting the model from a particle dump file Next, exit from the particle editor and choose NASA TOMS from the Advanced / FTP Satellite Data menu. A TOMS aerosol index file can be automatically downloaded from the NASA web site (lower right), or a NOAA AVHRR file of optical depth over the oceans can be downloaded from NOAA, if available (more details on these files is provided in the User’s Guide).NASA web site Enter a valid email address, fill in the blanks for the February 27, 2000 data, and then click on Get Data File. When the ftp is finished, click on the continue button. 178 PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP

9. Restarting the model from a particle dump file Return to the particle editor and load the PARDUMP file again. Now, add the TOMS image by choosing TomsFile from the Background menu tab and then selecting the file just downloaded (ga000227.txt). Loading the TOMS image for February 27 th and zooming in yields a picture remarkably similar to the model calculation, including a dust plume over east central Africa. \ The HYSPLIT plume can be turned on and off by repeatedly clicking on the Cloud On/Off button. 179 PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP HYSPLITTOMS Image

10. Restarting the model from a particle dump file In this example the model and measurements are so close that not much adjustment to the particles is necessary. However, to move a small area of HYSPLIT particles, choose Part Shift / Select Area from the Edit menu to select a box around the area to be moved. In this example, the particles off the southwest coast of Africa will be shifted northeast to better match the TOMS image. Next, choose New Pos from the Part Shift menu and click the mouse near the center of the box and drag to the northeast creating an arrow. After releasing the mouse button the particles will be moved to the northeast. You can undo the change by selecting Undo New Pos from the Part Shift menu. When finished, click on Complete Area Shift to finish moving the particles. Finally, choose Save As from the File menu to save the particle positions to a new PARDUMP file. This file can be used to restart HYSPLIT (see the HYSPLIT User's Guide for more details). 180 PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP