1. For use with Human Resource Management in South Africa 4e by Grobler, Wärnich et al ISBN: 1408019515 © 2010 Cengage Learning Chapter 8 Internal staffing and career management issues

2. For use with Human Resource Management in South Africa 4e by Grobler, Wärnich et al ISBN: 1408019515 © 2010 Cengage Learning Chapter outcomes Understand the reasons for the design of a proper internal staffing programme Identify the factors that influence internal staffing decisions Name the advantages of internal staffing Identify the various types of internal staffing strategies Discuss the guidelines for the selection of the best type of internal staffing strategy Describe the elements necessary for a successful career management function Examine the problems that typically confront employees when seeking to advance their careers Define a plateaued employee

3. For use with Human Resource Management in South Africa 4e by Grobler, Wärnich et al ISBN: 1408019515 © 2010 Cengage Learning Definition of internal staffing

4. For use with Human Resource Management in South Africa 4e by Grobler, Wärnich et al ISBN: 1408019515 © 2010 Cengage Learning Reasons underlying the design of a proper internal staffing programme Employee dissatisfaction Increasing concerns with job security Changing employee attitudes and concerns Employment equity issues Labour union presence

5. For use with Human Resource Management in South Africa 4e by Grobler, Wärnich et al ISBN: 1408019515 © 2010 Cengage Learning Factors influencing staffing decisions

6. For use with Human Resource Management in South Africa 4e by Grobler, Wärnich et al ISBN: 1408019515 © 2010 Cengage Learning Advantages of internal staffing Maintain closer control over the skills/competencies & work habits acquired by their existing employees Gradually prepare employees to fill complicated or critical positions without overburdening their capacity to learn Employers do not have to spend time orienting the new incumbents to the business environment or to standardise operating procedures Have more detailed information about the abilities, aptitudes and work habits of internal employees Employee satisfaction and commitment Fulfil hiring goals and timetables specified in employment equity actions Employees placed in the best interests of both the organisation and the individual. Can contribute to the organisation's bottom line

7. For use with Human Resource Management in South Africa 4e by Grobler, Wärnich et al ISBN: 1408019515 © 2010 Cengage Learning Requirements for effective internal staffing Pay close attention to identifying the current employee skill levels and development needs Employees must be flexible to be able to move easily within the organisation and thus be better utilised Multiskilling - broadening of employee's skills/competencies beyond the bounds of their current jobs, must be available Ensure that internal equity exists in matters such as compensation, promotion and access to training HRIS should exist Involvement of top-level managers & line managers

8. For use with Human Resource Management in South Africa 4e by Grobler, Wärnich et al ISBN: 1408019515 © 2010 Cengage Learning Types of internal staffing strategies Categories: –

9. For use with Human Resource Management in South Africa 4e by Grobler, Wärnich et al ISBN: 1408019515 © 2010 Cengage Learning Guidelines for the selection of the most effective internal staffing strategy

10. For use with Human Resource Management in South Africa 4e by Grobler, Wärnich et al ISBN: 1408019515 © 2010 Cengage Learning Various approaches to internal staffing 2 objectives: – Moves: –

11. For use with Human Resource Management in South Africa 4e by Grobler, Wärnich et al ISBN: 1408019515 © 2010 Cengage Learning Various approaches to internal staffing (continued) Moves: (continued) –

12. For use with Human Resource Management in South Africa 4e by Grobler, Wärnich et al ISBN: 1408019515 © 2010 Cengage Learning Rightsizing model for the 21 st century

13. For use with Human Resource Management in South Africa 4e by Grobler, Wärnich et al ISBN: 1408019515 © 2010 Cengage Learning Career management Career - Career management - Individual career planning - Organisational career planning -

14. For use with Human Resource Management in South Africa 4e by Grobler, Wärnich et al ISBN: 1408019515 © 2010 Cengage Learning Benefits to the organisation

15. For use with Human Resource Management in South Africa 4e by Grobler, Wärnich et al ISBN: 1408019515 © 2010 Cengage Learning Changing face of career management Traditional path of career progression upwards has gone Increased competition, cost competitiveness and information technology have all resulted in the de-manning and de-layering of organisational structures Organisations have removed the rungs of the career ladder and instead are concentrating on the optimal use of their human resources

16. For use with Human Resource Management in South Africa 4e by Grobler, Wärnich et al ISBN: 1408019515 © 2010 Cengage Learning Changing face of career management Differences between levels in organisations with flatter structures are far greater, there is a qualitative leap rather than a quantitative step involved Moves sideways rather than upwards are more frequent The concept of a series of positions to an ultimate top position has been replaced by the individual’s acquisition of competencies which enable him/her to manage change at the next level of responsibility

17. For use with Human Resource Management in South Africa 4e by Grobler, Wärnich et al ISBN: 1408019515 © 2010 Cengage Learning Balancing individual and organisational needs Career management Individual’s needs Personal /Professional Strategic /Operational

18. For use with Human Resource Management in South Africa 4e by Grobler, Wärnich et al ISBN: 1408019515 © 2010 Cengage Learning Successful career management Organisational career planning Individual career planning Integrating plans Implementing plans Evaluation of career plans

19. For use with Human Resource Management in South Africa 4e by Grobler, Wärnich et al ISBN: 1408019515 © 2010 Cengage Learning Other issues Plateaued employee Dual-career couples

20. For use with Human Resource Management in South Africa 4e by Grobler, Wärnich et al ISBN: 1408019515 © 2010 Cengage Learning Summary The movement of employees from one post to another within an organisation is known as internal staffing. These movements are usually necessitated by growth factors, which may be either positive or negative in nature, or by employee losses from a variety of causes. The movement of employees can be broadly classified into four categories: up, down, across and out of the organisation. In order to be effective, the manager should regularly review policies and programmes regarding internal staffing. Thus, in addition to possessing mechanisms for identifying where vacancies are likely to occur, and for the development of employees to fill them, all organisations should have established practical ways of handling all promotions, transfers, demotions and retrenchments, as well as retirements. There should be a tried and satisfactory method of identifying the most suitable candidates, deciding among a variety of candidates, easing transitions across jobs and monitoring all these activities from an organisational and individual perspective.

21. For use with Human Resource Management in South Africa 4e by Grobler, Wärnich et al ISBN: 1408019515 © 2010 Cengage Learning Summary There are different types of strategy that can be used to assist with internal staffing decisions; these are a pure selection strategy, a vocational guidance strategy and a compromise strategy. Career management involves integration of organisational staffing needs with the career goals and aspirations of individuals. To be effective, career management should be formal and planned, should receive support from top management and should be recognised as a process that involves coordination of a number of separate yet interrelated HR tools and techniques. Once organisational HR staffing needs and personal career goals have been defined and integrated, a number of personnel practices can start a career in motion. These include job posting, PA and T & D activities. Dual-career couples should be prepared to deal with problems that include potential conflicts over career paths and the division of family responsibilities. Assistance from organisations may include dual-career audits, special recruiting techniques and special policies for dual-career couples.