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Laws (Theorems) of Boolean algebra Laws of Complementation oThe term complement means, to invert or to change 1's to 0's and 0's to 1's, for which purpose inverters or NOT gates are used. oA complement of a variable is represented by a bar over the letter. For example, the complement of a variable A will be denoted by www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS1
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Law 1: = 1 Law 2: = 0 Law 3: If A = 0, Law 4: If A = 1, Law 5: www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS2
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AND Laws Law 6: A.0=0 Law 7: A.1=A Law 8: A.A=A Law 9: www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS3
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OR Laws Law 10: A +0 = A Law 11: A +1 = 1 Law 12: A +A = A Law 13: www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS4
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Commutative Laws –This states that the order in which the variables are OR’ed and AND’ed will make no difference in the output. Law14: A. B = B. A Law 15 : A + B = B + A www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS5
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Associative Laws This law states that the order in which the variables are grouped will not make any difference in the output. Law 16: A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS6
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Law 17: A.(B.C) = (A.B).C www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS7
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Distributive Laws These laws allow the factoring or multiplying out of expressions. Law 18: A.(B +C) = (A.B) + (A.C) Law 19: A + (B.C) = (A + B) (A + C) www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS8
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De Morgan's Theorems 1. 2. The complement of any Boolean expression is found by using these two rules. www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS9
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Steps for complementation: 1. Replace ‘+’ symbols with ‘.’ symbols and ‘.’ symbols with ‘+’ symbols. 2. Complement each term. www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS10
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Proof of De Morgan's Theorems www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS11
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