1. Analog on the Arduino int k; // integer = 16 bits k = analogRead(1); Analog volts value (0V → 5V) returns from 0 to 1023 into “k” (10 “bits” = 1024 values)

2. Analog range: ● dynamic range ● precision ● accuracy – repeatability ● calibration for accuracy?

3. Resolution 2 bits 0 - 3 8 bits 0 – 255 10 bits0 – 1023 16 bitsto 65000 32 bitsto over 4 billion

4. Resolution / precision 5 volts 1024 possible measurements So resolution = 5000 / 1024 millivolts Ie about 5 mV

5. ● Pullups and Voltage Dividers

6. READING REFERENCE DOCUMENTS LDR THERMISTOR “NTC” LM35 Temp SENSOR

7. LDR

8. “50k OHM Thermistor NTC 3950 MF52AT”

9. Accurate temp sensor LM35 But analog sensor resolution could be better matched than this

10. ● Modulo division – remainders ● Long integers – preventing rollover errors

11. PWM to LEDs (remember that?) PWM output (dimming a LED) used analogWrite(3, 150); // pin d3, 150/255 bright This was “8 bit” resolution (0 - 255)

12. Industrial Common industrial analog signalling has been 4 – 20 mA full range. How could Arduino handle that? Why start from 4 mA, not 0mA?