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Seawater Chemistry
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Without water, there would be no:
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Water RULES!
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So, how does this SIMPLE molecule, composed merely of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H 2 O), do ALL of the amazing things that it does?
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Here are ten properties of water that are familiar to us all:
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Properties of (Sea)Water
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Universal Solvent
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Polarity
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The Dissolving Power of Water
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Cohesion & Adhesion
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Surface Tension
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Salinity Salt flat in Bolivia Utah's Salt Flat Video
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Major ions in seawater IonConcentration (ppt) Percentage % 19.355 10.730.6 2.77.7 1.34 0.41.18 0.41.11
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Principle of constant proportions
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For example: In any sample of seawater, whether it has a salinity of 20 ppt or 40 ppt: chlorine accounts for 55% of the ions, sodium comprises 30.6%, sulfate makes up 7.7%....
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Factors affecting salinity Evaporation or freezing Frequent precipitation or melting ice
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Tools for Measuring salinity
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Sources of salts
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Density
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Salt wedge
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Osmoregulation
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Minnow lab
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Osmoregulation In Fresh Water In Sea Water
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Osmoregulators vs. Osmoconformers
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Heat Vs. Temperature 100 º Celsius (200 º F) 100 º Celsius Which container has molecules with the higher average kinetic energy? Which container has the most heat energy?
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Water has a high heat capacity!
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Water can absorb a tremendous amount of heat!
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Heat capacity graph for water
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You experience this here!!!
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Temperature - Very important!
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Icefish Lab Freezing Point Depression Lab Quiz tomorrow!!!
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pH
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Each change in pH really means…
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Water pH Lab
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Look at your graph… What does it show you?
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Seawater has a BUFFER! What is it? What causes it? How is seawater different from fresh water?
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pH Buffer System
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Ocean Acidification
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Ocean Acidification Lab & Case Study Bring a water sample tomorrow!
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Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
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Seasonal DO variation –what could cause this variation?
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COMPARING WATER SAMPLES LAB How can we measure…. Salinity DO pH
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CASE STUDY—THE DEAD ZONE Marine Issues--Homework
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Turbidity
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Measuring turbidity
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A Terrible Spill Activity & Marine Issues
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Magic numbers!!!!!!!! Salinity –avg 35 ppt DO –avg 5 – 6 ppm (2ppm hypoxic; 0ppm anoxic) pH –avg 8 (7.5 – 8.4)
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CELEBRATION OF KNOWLEDGE TOMORROW!!!
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Thanks to the following websites for photos and information: http://mddnr.chesapeakebay.net/eyesonthebay/whatsitm ean.cfm http://www.bigelow.org/virtual/heat_cap.jpg http://schc.sc.edu/mare/estuaries.htm http://waterontheweb.org/under/waterquality/turbidity. html http://www.indiana.edu/%7Eg131/chem6.gif
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