1. The bactericidal effects of fatty acids on gram- positive bacteria such as S. aureus are thought to result from the incorporation of these lipophilic agents into the bacterial membranes, causing increased membrane fluidity and a decrease in vital membrane-associated functions. Lethal fatty acid-induced changes in the fluidity of its membrane.

2. Numerous studies have shown that extra virgin olive oil induces reductions in blood pressure. The positive effects of olive oil have been frequently adscribed to its minor components, such as α-tocopherol, polyphenols and other phenolic compounds, which are not present in other oils. In the present study, we demonstrate that the hypotensive effect of olive oil is due to its high content in oleic acid (about 80%). cis-Monounsaturated fatty acids induced changes in membrane lipid structure that resulted in regulation of G protein-mediated signaling. In turn, trans-monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids did not change the membrane lipid structure, cell signaling and blood pressure. In conclusion, this is the first study that demonstrates that olive oil induces its hypotensive effects through the action of oleic acid on membrane lipid structure and the signaling it regulates.

4. Oleic acid is in the group of ??? Fatty acid. Write down structures of - two glycerophospholipids - two triglycerides - two sphingolipids

7. In the oil production process, degumming means to ??? Name some of the oil contaminants. What is unsaponifiable matter? How to remove free fatty acids? Explain the bleaching process How to deodorize oil?

8. What are the benefits and drawbacks of trans fatty acid?

9. Racidity?? How does it occur? Explain why oils with high contents of linolenic and linoleic have shorter shelf-life than oil with high content of oleic acids. Name some of the Type II photosensitizer in lipid oxidation. Explain how they work. How does citric acid act as an oil stabilizer? How do phenolic compounds act as an oil stabilizer?

10. What is biodiesel

11. Write structures of two surfactants for each group of surfactant.

12. Can we use the same surfactant to make both water in oil and oil in water emulsions? Why? HLB is for used with ????? surfactant. Surfactant with low HLB value is ……..