1. Turn in lab 5 Put your name, per number and lab section on your answer sheet.

2. Lab 6: Symbology Yingjie Hu

3. Objective The cartographic strategies used to represent features on the map.

4. Generalization In order to clearly represent the features on the complex Earth surface, we need to generalize them before put them on the map. Generalization strategies: – Selection, simplification, combination, location shift and exaggeration.

5. Selection Select important features and omit the unimportant ones.

6. Simplification

7. Combination

8. Location shift

9. Exaggeration

10. Two data types on the map Qualitative – Different states in U.S. – Different species in an area Quantitative – Population in each state – Birth rate in different area

11. Levels of Measurements Nominal – Qualitative data, like state name or class name Ordinal – Quantitative data. Used to measure the ranks. Interval – Quantitative data. Used to measure the data which doesn’t have a true “zero” Ratio – Quantitative data. Used to measure the data which an absolute “zero”, like distance.

12. Nominal

13. Ordinal

14. Interval

15. Ratio

16. Visual variables Shape, hue, and texture – Qualitative data Size, Gray-tone value, orientation – Quantitative data

17. Visual variables — shape

18. Visual variables — hue

19. Visual variables — texture

20. Visual variables — size

21. Visual variables — gray tone

22. Visual variables — orientation

23. Visual variable combination Combine several visual variables together – hue and orientation

24. Visual variables Shape, hue, and texture are appropriate for representing qualitative data, while size, gray- tone value, and orientation are appropriate for representing quantitative data. Combining several visual variables together to better represent features on the map. – size and hue – Shape and gray-tone

25. Assignment Complete lab 6 symbology Due date: Next Thursday (Nov. 17th) Powerpoint online: http://geog.ucsb.edu/~hu/geog12/lab6.ppt