1. Glenohumeral Dislocations and Humerus Fractures
Nikole Blackwell

2. Anatomy of the Shoulder
- The glenohumeral joint is a ball-and-socket joint
- The humerus head (the ball) fits into the glenoid of the scapula (socket)
- The labrum is the most important piece of cartilage allows humerus to rotate with minimal friction

3. Glenohumeral Dislocation Causes
Most common is when the head of the humerus is forced in an anterior direction past the labrum.
Anterior dislocation is abduction , external rotation, and extension
Common in football and rugby players

4. Glenohumeral Dislocation Causes
Initial trauma involving posteriorly directed force to a flexed, adducted, and internally rotated shoulder
Partial dislocation, humerus head is partially out of socket

5. Glenohumeral Dislocation Signs
with an anterior dislocation an athlete displays flattened deltoid contour
carries arm slightly abducted and in external rotation

6. Glenohumeral Dislocation Signs
Swelling
Numbness
Weakness
Bruising
Pain and unsteadiness in the shoulder

7. Glenohumeral Dislocation Facts
4% of Glenohumeral dislocations are posterior
Non-operative management is favored when dislocation presents fewer than 6 weeks, and less then 20% of humeral head defect

8. Glenohumeral Dislocation Facts
Dislocations most occur in football and rugby athletes
Rare but occasionally baseball players will suffer from dislocations
One study found traditional rehab was insufficient for 34% of overhead athletes w/ posterior glenohumeral dislocation.

9. Glenohumeral Dislocation Care
Initial care requires immediate immobilization, using a sling
Apply cold packs to prevent hemorrhage
A doctor needs to preform closed reduction to put the arm back in place
Remain in a sling for one week then begin physical therapy

10. Glenohumeral Dislocation

11. Anatomy of the Humerus The head of the humerus is part of the shoulder
The radial groove and deltoid tuberosity are part of the humerus shaft
The medial and lateral epicondyles and the olecranon fossa are part of the elbow

12. Humerus Fracture Causes
Salter-Harris system is 5 denominations for fractures
Type I- shearing or avulsion forces
Type II- occur same as type I but fracture continues through metaphysis
Type III- vertical fracture lines through epiphysis
Type IV- fracture crosses epiphysis, epiphyseal plate
Type V- comprehensive forces are directed to bone in an uncommon motion

13. Humerus Fracture causes
Complete fractures result from impaction of proximal ulna onto distal humerus
Impact can occur with elbow flexed or unflexed
Occasionally happen in sports
Result of direct blow, dislocation, or impact of falling

14. Humerus Fracture Signs
X-ray examinations give positive proof
Pain
Inability to the arm
Swelling
Point tenderness
Discoloration of superficial tissue

15. Humerus Fracture Facts
Humeral diaphyseal fractures account for 1.2% of all fractures
Proximal humerus fractures account for 5.7% of all fractures

16. Humerus Fracture Facts
Both types of fractures are common in elderly and older adult persons
Fracture patterns are similar across all ages, but older people are more prone due to osteoporosis

17. Humerus Fracture Care
Immediate application of splint or support with a sling
An athlete with a humerus fracture are out of competition for 2 to 6 months, depending on severity
Distal humerus fractures are mostly treated surgically
Athletes are told to avoid 90/90 positioning

18. Sources Glenohumeral Dislocation Pictures

19. Sources Humerus Fractures