1. Industrialization 1865 - 1901 Chapter 3, Lesson 1 ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How did the United States become an industrialized society after the Civil War?

2. I. The Rise of Industry
American business and industry grew rapidly after the end of the Civil War.
Industrialization changed the way people lived and worked

3. The United States Industrializes
After the Civil War, industry expanded rapidly
Electrification advances in the 1890
Early 1900s United States world’s leading industrial nation
Gross National Product (GNP)- the total value of all goods and services a country produces during a year

4. Natural Resources
Abundance of raw materials include timber, coal, iron, copper
Could get resources cheaply (no importing)
Most resources were in the West
Settlement accelerated industrialization

5. Natural Resources
New resource called petroleum, used to make kerosene fluid used in lanterns and stoves
Began in western Pennsylvania
1859 Frederick Drake drilled first oil well in Titusville, PA
1900 oil fields from PA to Texas

6. A Large Workforce: Human Resources allowed rapid industrialization
Between population tripled
Provided industry with an abundant workforce
Came from large families (better living conditions meant children survived)
Immigrants - between 1870 and 1910, 17 million immigrants arrived. Some came for religious freedom others from oppressive governments

7. The Rise of Industry
How did the United States become an industrialized society after the Civil War?

8. The United States Industrializes
Why was the United States successful at industrialization?

9. The United States Industrializes
What were the two significant growth factors of U.S. industry?

10. New Inventions
What invention from this period has had the most impact on your daily life? Pay attention to find out!

11. New Inventions
Technologies and inventions eased transportation and communications
Produced more goods at lower prices

12. Thomas Alva Edison
Menlo Park, New Jersey: forerunner of the modern laboratory
1877 Phonograph
Two years later the electric generator and light bulb
Made batteries and motion pictures
Lewis Latimer made the carbon filament to make the incandescent bulb more durable

13. Communications
Cyrus Fields laid a telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean in 1866
Provided faster communication between U.S. and Europe
1876 Scottish immigrant Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone

14. New Inventions: George Westinghouse
George Westinghouse invented
air brakes for railroads –enabled longer and heavier trains to travel and increased safety
Westinghouse company the first to use hydroelectric power

15. New Inventions Thaddeus Lowe invented the ice machine
1877 Gustavus Swift shipped refrigerated meat
Josephine Cochrane developed the automatic dishwasher
1882 Edison supplied New York City with electricity

16. New Inventions: Textile Industry
Northrop made an automatic loom to make cloth quickly
Power driven sewing machines and cloth cutters
Machines to produce shoes
Production moved from small shops to large factories

17. New Inventions
Which invention do you think has had the most lasting influence?

18. Free Enterprise
How did Laissez-faire economics promote industrialization?

19. Free Enterprise
Laissez-faire- government should not interfere in the economy
Government interference drives up costs
Economic system with little or no government interference is know as free enterprise system

20. Free Enterprise
Laissez-faire relies on supply and demand to regulate wages and prices (Free Market)
Competition promotes efficiency and wealth
Advocate low taxes and limited government debt
Government should protect property rights and maintain peace

21. Free Enterprise
Practice- to do something repeatedly so it becomes standard
U.S. practiced a mixture of laissez-faire by keeping taxes low while promoting private investment

22. Free Enterprise Prospect of making a profit attracted entrepreneurs
Entrepreneurs – people who risk their capital to organize and run businesses
Northern entrepreneurs supported high tariffs to protect business from European manufacturers

23. Free Enterprise
Supported federal subsidies for building roads, canals, and railroads
Southern leaders were against subsidies and favored low tariffs to promote trade – keeps cost of imported goods low

24. Free Enterprise
During the Civil War Congress greatly increased tariffs on imports
Caused countries to raise tariffs on U.S. goods
Tariffs were lowered and American companies became more competitive
U.S. benefited from being the largest free trade zone in the world

25. Free Enterprise
How did laissez-faire economics encourage businesses to industrialize?

26. Free Enterprise
Laissez-faire ideas meant that business would be able to grow and adopt new technologies more freely and easily