1. Chapter 7 Growth and Division Section 1 American Nationalism

2. The Era of Good Feelings Era of Good Feelings= used to describe Monroe’s presidency – Referred to American nationalism following the War of 1812 Harmony in nat’l politics reached an all time high – b/c Republican party had all the power – Federalist was non-existent » Due to how they handled the Hartford Convention

3. Economic Nationalism American leader prepared an ambitious program to bring the nation together – Consisted of: 1.Creating a new national bank 2.Protecting American manufacturers from foreign competition 3.Improving transportation

4. Second Bank 1 st Bank=failed – Allowed for state charted banks and private banks to expand their lending of bank notes=money No presence of the national bank=↑in prices of goods during War of 1812 B/C of these problems Republicans introduced a bill in 1816 to create the Second Bank of the U.S. – John C. Calhoun introduced->Henry Clay and Daniel Webster helped it pass Gave the 2 nd Bank of the U.S. power to issue national currency and control state banks

5. Tariffs and Transportation War of 1812-> made U.S. more dependent upon themselves – After the war, British goods flooded U.S. markets Were at such low prices endangered American companies Congress responded with Tariff Act of 1816 – Created protective tariffs=wanted to tax imports to drive up the prices New England shippers and Southern farmers opposed the tariffs WHY?

6. Tariffs and Transportation Republicans wanted to improve the nation’s transportation system – 1816-> John C. Calhoun sponsored a federal improvement plan President Madison vetoed= stated Constitution didn’t allow for money to be spent on improving transportation – Road and canal construction began anyway » Funded by private businesses and local gov’ts

7. Judicial Nationalism Chief Justice of U.S. John Marshall helped unify the nation – Marshall ruled in 3 cases that established the dominance of the national gov’t over the states’ gov’t Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee McCulloch v. Maryland Gibbons v. Ogden Read about these court cases on pg. 242 and 243. Copy Chart at bottom of pg. 242.

8. Nationalist Diplomacy Under President Monroe, the U.S. felt proud and confident-> led to expansion of U.S. borders Jackson Invades Florida – Florida presented two major problems: 1.Runaway slaves fled there (upset Southerners) 2.Creek Indians retreated there (called themselves Seminoles) – Attacked Americans in Georgia – John C. Calhoun, Secretary of War, sent Andrew Jackson to take action against Seminoles Captured Spanish settlements of St. Marks and Pensacola – Removed Spanish governor of Florida from power

9. Nationalist Diplomacy – Spain wanted Jackson punished->President Monroe agreed Secretary of State John Quincy Adams defended Jackson – Blamed Spain for not keeping order in Florida » Spain gave all of Florida to the U.S.->Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) » Finalized western border of Louisiana Purchase Monroe Doctrine – By 1824, Spain colonies had declared their independence Only Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Santo Domingo remained

10. Nationalist Diplomacy – Quadruple Alliance=Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia (France joined later)->created to save monarchies of Europe Wanted to help Spain gain control of its colonies (minus G.B.) in 1822 – G.B. and the U.S. wanted the Latin American countries maintain their independence – Russia was also a concern->controlled Alaska and part of Oregon Territory – President Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine-> issued in 1823 Stated that American continents were not to colonized by European nations – Wanted to keep Europeans out of Latin America – Kept U.S. from getting involved in European power struggles