1. Configuring, Optimizing and Managing the Tomcat Servlet Container on NetWare ® 6 Jeff Tulley Software Engineer, Novell, Inc. jtulley@novell.com

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3. Presentation Outline Tomcat on NetWare ® 6 Configuring Optimizing Deploying Managing Tomcat on NetWare 6.5 Configuring Optimizing Deploying Managing

4. Tomcat on NetWare 6 Philosophy For Management only Not tuned for performance Not set up like typical Tomcat 3.x

5. Key Files: sys:/tomcat/33/bin/tomcat33.ncf sys:/tomcat/33/conf/nwserver.xml sys:/tomcat/33/conf/nwapps-(context).xml sys:/tomcat/33/conf/nwworkers.properties Configuration

6. Configuration – tomcat33.ncf Starts up tomcat, using nwserver.xml for configuration Defines classpath of Tomcat may need to be modified if the webapp contains native code Actual java command is here, so JVM tuning parameters go here also

7. Configuration – nwserver.xml Main configuration file for Tomcat 33 Departures from standard server.xml: Different ports Different application definition prefix (nwapps- as opposed to apps-) Ways it didn’t depart Auto deploy from tomcat/33/webapps –We should have changed this, in retrospect

8. Configuration – nwapps-(context).xml Anything starting with nwapps-, and followed by a context name, defines a context that is not auto deployed from sys:/tomcat/33/webapps For instance, nwapps-NSearch.xml Defines the context /NSearch Doc base is sys:/NSearch These files, or a WAR file in webapps, provide easiest way to run on Tomcat 33 on NetWare 6

9. Configuration – nwworkers.properties Key to the Apache / Tomcat interaction Configures Apache mod_jk.nlm, not Tomcat (Should have been put somewhere else probably) Ports in this file must be in sync with those in nwserver.xml Worker names here must be in sync with those in sys:/apache/conf/adminsrv.conf Default worker name is “ajp13”

10. Apache 2 Tomcat / Catalina 4.1x Ajp 13 Port 9010 Apache / Tomcat intercommunication

11. Optimizing Tomcat on NetWare 6 was not optimized for heavy usage, since it was targeted for management only Tuning is necessary for dedicated Servlet Container usage, for instance with NSearch NPS OnDemand ™

12. Optimizing – philosophy Key point to remember when tuning Tomcat - every application requires different tuning parameters, there is no “one size fits all” If your server is dedicated to one application, this makes tuning easier If your server has one type of usage pattern, tuning is easier also Like database tuning, this is partly an art, with tradeoffs involved

13. Optimizing – nwserver.xml parameters The main parameters that must be tuned are found in nwserver.xml, in the tag maxThreads maxSpareThreads MinSpareThreads The SpareThreads settings determine how many threads are kept alive while the system is idle (not under heavy load) Ideal number of threads must be analyzed against memory usage, processing activity of your application, etc.

14. Optimizing – memory settings Tomcat33.ncf does not set a maximum heap size Default JVM 1.3 max heap is 64MB Default JVM 1.4 max heap is 128MB Your applications needs may be way more than either of these defaults To determine your application’s needs: Add “-Xmx400m” to beginning of java command Load test your application for a while Java –showmemory(id) on tomcat process Set the max to a value higher than committed heap

15. Optimizing – more memory settings NLMS have a limit of about 400 MB allocation size Setting the –X flag above that may result in an invalid allocation, giving you only the 64 MB default If you need more than this much memory: Use the server –u option –TID # 10072708 –Set the value at (total memory – OS memory requirements), in bytes Use multiple tomcat instances

16. Optimizing – multiple tomcats Create your own ncf files, starting up Tomcat with separate server.xml files Each listens on a separate AJP port There is a worker in nwworkers.properties corresponding to each tomcat instance Each of these workers is in the worker.loadbalancer.balanced_workers list Apache will send requests to these workers in a weighted round-robin manner, with sticky sessions

17. Optimizing – outside of Tomcat Upgrade to JVM 1.4 Upgrade Apache to Apache 2.0 Apache 2.0 has more caching capabilities Then you can set the cachesize parameter on each worker (in nwworkers.properties) Set it to the same as the number of Apache threads Make sure Apache is serving your static content –In a “purely dynamic” application you still have static image files, sometimes downloadable files, etc.

18. Deploying – techniques Three methods to deploy to Tomcat 33 Place a WAR file in sys:/tomcat/33/webapps –Tomcat automatically explodes it on first execution Explode WAR into sys:/tomcat/33/webapps Place your exploded WAR wherever, define its context name and location in conf/nwapps- (context).xml It’s that simple

19. Managing Management of Tomcat is done completely manually, through configuration files See the key files already pointed out in earlier slides.

20. Tomcat 4 on NetWare Philosophy We realized that “only for management” didn’t coincide with reality New philosophy: “separate management”, out of the way of the default Tomcat instance Default Tomcat instance has as few changes as necessary Internal Novell applications (non-admin) play in the same world as 3 rd party applications

21. Configuring – Tomcat 4 User Instance Key Files: sys:/tomcat/4/bin/tomcat4.ncf sys:/tomcat/4/bin/tc4stop.nc sys:/tomcat/4/bin/catalina.pl sys:/tomcat/4/bin/startup.ncf sys:/tomcat/4/conf/server.xml sys:/apache2/conf/mod_jk/workers.properties

22. Key Files: Sys:/adminsrv/conf/admin_tomcat.xml Sys:/system/tcadmup.ncf Sys:/system/tcadmdn.ncf Same workers file Configuring – Tomcat 4 Admin instance

23. Configuring – Startup/Shutdown Scripts tomcat4.ncf, tc4stop.ncf: Start and stop the user instance, respectively startup.ncf: Calls into catalina.pl, taking care of some “NetWareisms” of starting up (startup dir) catalina.pl: Has all of the smarts. Akin to catalina.bat Allowed some functionality not available in NCFs

24. Configuring – Server.xml As much as is possible, server.xml is identical to the server.xml downloaded from jakarta.apache.org We had to change the following items: AJP port change to 9010 (conflict with NetWare Remote Manager port, 8009) We disabled the “UserDatabaseRealm”, instead using the “JNDIRealm” for authentication/ authorization against Novell eDirectory ™. (more on this later) Commented out port 8080, the internal HTTP stack

25. Configuring – workers.properties Content has not changed much, just the file location Makes more sense in apache directory Default worker name is the same as the NetWare 6 Tomcat 33 worker (ajp13) Separate worker for admin instance (ajp13_admin) Ports should not conflict with those used on NetWare 6, so Tomcat 4 could work there equally well

26. Configuring – Admin Instance Files tcadmup.ncf, tcadmup.ncf: Start and stop the admin instance, respectively Admin_tomcat.xml: Configuration of an instance of Tomcat 4, with separate ajp ports, also using the JNDIRealm for security, auto-deploying out of sys:/adminsrv/webapps You shouldn’t have to change these files

27. Optimizing Tomcat 4 IS optimized a bit right out of the box Max and min threads are set Memory is optimized a bit (some maximums are set) Workers cachesize property is set Apache 2 is already in place giving static files speedup

28. Optimizing – server.xml parameters Same as with Tomcat 33, only the names have changed On the tag, “CoyoteConnector”, there are the following: minProcessorsmaxProcessorsacceptCount

29. Optimizing – multiple tomcats Create your own ncf files, starting up Tomcat with separate server.xml files Each listens on a separate AJP port There is a worker in nwworkers.properties corresponding to each tomcat instance Each of these workers is in the worker.loadbalancer.balanced_workers list Apache will send requests to these workers in a weighted round-robin manner, with sticky sessions

30. Deploying – techniques 1 2 3 Three methods to deploy to Tomcat 4 Place a WAR file in sys:/tomcat/4/webapps Tomcat automatically explodes it on first execution Explode WAR into sys:/tomcat/4/webapps Place your exploded WAR wherever, define its context name and location in webapps/ (context).xml These are identical to Tomcat 33, except last item

31. Managing New to Tomcat 4 are the admin and manager apps –/tomcat/admin/ –Ability to manage separate pieces of server.xml in a web-based fashion –/tomcat/manager/ –Allows you to manage contexts’ life-cycles »Start »Stop »Restart

32. Managing - /tomcat/manager/html

34. Debugging Java Platform Debugger Architecture is new to JVM 1.4 on NetWare tc4jpda.ncf - starts up Tomcat in debug mode, communicating over socket 9070 You can use all standard socket-based JPDA debuggers Chances are your favorite java editor supports this

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