1. In-Text Citations & MLA By the end of this lesson you will know how to create an in-text citation & how to format a paper using MLA.

2. Sources  When to put the source in your paper:  A direct quote  A statistic  An idea that is not your own  Someone else’s opinion  Concrete facts, not considered “common knowledge”

3. Signal Phrases in MLA  Model Signal Phrases:  Researchers Long and Mackenzie suggest…  As Paul Rudnick has noted…  Melinda Stuart, DNA expert comments, “…  The article, “Fingerprinting for Dummies” notes… Verbs in Signal Verbs in Signal Phrases: Phrases: acknowledges admits acknowledges admits agrees asserts agrees asserts believes claims believes claims comments confirms comments confirms contends declares contends declares denies disputes denies disputes emphasizes endorses emphasizes endorses grants illustrates grants illustrates implies notes implies notes observes points out observes points out reasons refutes reasons refutes suggests writes suggests writes Complete list: Hacker, Diana. A Writer’s Reference. 5 th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2003. p. 336.

4. Parenthetical Citations or In-Text Citations  IF THERE IS AN AUTHOR, USE: Author’s LAST NAME and Page Number where the info is from. (Keeling 125)  Notice there is no “p” and no comma. (Keeling, p 125)  INCORRECT!!! Ex: Fingerprinting is used mainly in crimes of burglary (Keeling 125).

5. Parenthetical Citations or In-Text Citations  IF THERE IS NO AUTHOR, USE THE TITLE OF THE BOOK OR ARTICLE & PG # (if it’s not a web source)  Title and Page Number Ex: Fingerprinting is mainly used in burglaries. (Fingerprinting for Dummies 24). Ex: There was so much evidence to convict the person because of DNA proof (DNA Trials 32).

6. Parenthetical Citations or In-Text Citations  How Often to Give Citations  When several facts in a row within one paragraph all come from the same page of a source. Use one citation to cover them all. Place the citation after the last bit of information.

7. How to Incorporate Quotes into Your Writing  What is a quote??  Quotes are one way of adding concrete details to your paper. When you quote a text, you use the EXACT words of the writer. You do not change them in any way.  What should a quote accomplish??  A quote is a way for you to illustrate your point in your writing. If it doesn’t back up what you are saying, don’t use it!

8. How to Incorporate Quotes into Your Writing  Quotes should be…  Brief  Relevant to your point  Introduced  Discussed  Reader’s need to know…  Who is speaking  When or in what situation the speaker said this  Why this quote is important and how it fits in with your argument

9. WORKS CITED PAGE  ONLY include sources you actually used in your paper  It is the LAST PAGE of your research paper  Sources are listed in ALPHABETICAL ORDER

10. Sample Works Cited Works Cited Denega, Danielle. Dead Men Floating. Scholastic: New York, 2012. “Deoxyribonucleic Acid”. Kids Ahead. National Human Genome Research Institute. 2015. Web. Scheve, Tom. “How Body Farms Work”. How Stuff Works. 2015. Web.